Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Journal: Actualités
Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) is a peer-reviewed, open-access, online, and print journal published in English by the Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. It has maintained continuous publication since 2022. AFNRJ publishes two (2) issues a year (March and September). The journal follows the “Online First” publishing method, where articles accepted for publication will appear online initially. The printed edition will follow on request. Authors are free to download their papers at any time; no complimentary reprints or hard copies of accepted articles will be provided, except on request. Authors retain copyright of published articles. As of 2024, the journal has changed its title to Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) ISSN (Electronic): 1597-7153 | ISSN (Print): 3043-5420. Previous Title (2022-2023): International Journal of Agriculture, Food and Biodiversity (IJAFAB). AFNRJ is listed in Google Scholar and the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Repository. Publishers are working on strategic content-sharing partnerships with leading databases so that articles published through AFNRJ are available to the international research community. The scope of the AFNRJ is to publish peer-reviewed original research papers, review papers, and short communications. The emphasis is on animal science, crop science, forest science, wildlife management, food science and technology, fisheries, aquaculture management, climate change and environmental management, agricultural economics, agricultural extension, horticulture, rural sociology, soil science, veterinary science, agricultural engineering, agroforestry practice, biotechnology, biomass, carbon, bioenergy, genetics and breeding, molecular biology, microbiology, landscape ecology, biometrics and remote sensing, nature conservation, ecotourism, rangeland management, and other relevant fields. See full EDITORIAL POLICY CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD Author's Guide Submit your article to: afnrj@journals.unizik.edu.ng
Call For Manuscript https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/afnrj About Journal Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) is an international peer-reviewed, open-access, and print journal. AFNRJ is the official scientific journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The journal publishes peer-reviewed research papers, short communications, reviews, and comments. The emphasis is on Animal Science, Crop Science, Forest Science, Wildlife Management, Food Science and Technology, Fisheries, Aquaculture Management, Climate Change and Environmental Management, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension, Horticulture, Rural Sociology, Soil Science, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Engineering, Agroforestry Practice, Biotechnology, Biomass, Carbon, and Bioenergy; Genetics and Breeding; Molecular Biology; Landscape Ecology, Biometrics and Remote Sensing, Conservation and Ecotourism, Home Science, Rangeland Management, and other relevant fields. AFNRJ provides a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI), ORCID integrated and indexed in OpenAIRE, Google Scholar, Zenodo, CERN Open Science, and UnizikSpace institutional repository manuscripts that exceed 25% similarity index will not be accepted for publication in AFNRJ GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS Manuscripts for AFNRJ must be written in UK English. Authors whose native language is not English must have their manuscripts checked by a native English speaker before submission. The manuscript will be peer-reviewed by referees selected by the editor and will be published in approximately the order in which the final version is received. Manuscripts will be judged based on originality, innovativeness, relevancy, and acceptance based on reviewers’ recommendations. Upon acceptance for publication, the manuscript must not be published again in any form without the written consent of both the author(s) and editor. Manuscript Submission Manuscripts for publication in AFNRJ must be submitted electronically as text files saved in MS Word to afnrj@journals.unizik.edu.ng. Submission must be by the author(s) to whom acknowledgment of receipt and other correspondence will be addressed. Any manuscript submitted must be unpublished work not being offered for publication elsewhere. Upon submission, a manuscript number will be emailed to the corresponding author within 72 hours. General Format The manuscript should be typewritten with double spacing on one side of standard A4. The text should be prepared in single-column format, 12pt New Times Roman. Headings except the abstract should be bold and capitalized. Subheadings should also be bold with keywords starting with a capital letter. Original Full-Length Research Manuscript: Maximum of 15 double-spaced typewritten pages Review Papers: 18-20 double-spaced typewritten pages Short Communication: 5–7 double-spaced typewritten pages, Manuscript Structure The order of the sections should be as follows: title, author(s), address, abstract, keywords, introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion, conclusions, acknowledgment (if applicable), conflict of interest, authors’ contributions, and references. ✔ First Page (this page is required as a metadata page and should not be counted as part of the manuscript) ● Title of manuscript ● List all authors, affiliations, emails, and phone numbers (WhatsApp preferable) ● Open Researcher and Contributor IDentity (ORCID). All authors must provide their ORCID. Authors who don’t have ORCID should register for free using this link: https://orcid.org/signin. ✔ Second Page Title Page The title page should contain the title of the manuscript, the name(s) of the author(s), and their affiliations. The title should not contain any abbreviation, and it should enlighten the contents of the manuscript. The affiliations should contain the department, institution, city, state, and country. A superscript number must be provided after each author's name and in front of their addresses for identification. The corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk and the e-mail address provided. Authors’ names should be written in full: First name, Middle name, and Surname in Capitals (e.g. Abubakar Bolaji SOMTOCHUKWU1*, Sarah JOHN2 & Kenechi Toyin HASSAN1) ABSTRACT The abstract should be concise, informative, and not exceed 250 words. The abstract should be arranged in one paragraph, covering a brief description of the purpose of the work. Techniques, methods, and the design used. Major findings with relevant statistics, p-values, and confidence intervals. Major conclusions and recommendations. Keywords Between 4 and 6 keywords should be provided. Authors should try as much as possible that keywords should contain the words not in the title and avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). ✔ The third to last page INTRODUCTION (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT) This section should provide a factual background, a clearly defined problem, a proposed solution, and the scope and justification of the work done. All these should be backed by relevant literature. Ninety percent (90%) of the literature used should not be more than TEN years from the date the work was carried out, except in exceptional cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT) This section should provide adequate information that will allow the experiment to be reproduced. Already published methods should be mentioned with references. Significant modifications of published methods and new methods should be described in detail. This section should include sub-sections based on the test or investigation carried out following the format below: Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) - Second Level Heading. Note: All the keywords must start with a capital letter. Sub-subheading (Times New Roman, bold, 12 font) - Third-level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Sub-sub-subheading (Times New Roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Results should be clearly described concisely. Results for different parameters should be described under subheadings or in separate paragraphs. Table or figure numbers should be mentioned in parentheses for better understanding. Discussion must not repeat the results but provide a detailed interpretation of the data. This should interpret the significance of the findings of the work. Recent citations should be given in support of the findings (note: 90% of the citations must be from literature published not more than TEN years from when the work was carried out). The results and discussion may be separated. But it is recommended that the sections be joined. As in the material and method section, this section must include sub-sections based on the results of the test or investigation carried out following the format below: Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) Second Level Heading. Note: All the keywords must start with a capital letter. Sub-subheading (Times New Roman, bold, 12 font) - Third-level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Sub-sub-subheading (Times New Roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Tables and Figures Tables and figures should be placed inside the text. Tables and figures must be presented in relation to their appearance in the text. It is suggested that the discussion about the tables and figures should appear in the text before the appearance of the respective tables and figures. No tables or figures should be given without discussion or reference inside the text. Tables should be explanatory enough to be understandable without any text reference. Single spacing should be maintained throughout the table, including table headings and footnotes. Table headings should be placed above the table. Footnotes should be placed below the table with superscript. lowercase letters. Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, outside the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions should be based strictly on the major findings from the study. It is recommended that the conclusions be itemised using Arabic numerals. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A brief acknowledgment section may be given after the conclusion section just before the references. The acknowledgments of people who assisted in manuscript preparation, funding for research, etc. should be listed in this section. All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgment. Authors should declare the role of the funding agency, if any, in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Authors must declare any conflict of interest. If there are no competing interests to declare, the authors should include a statement in the article to confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report. Example: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest. AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS For instance: CJU & OPO managed data collection, interpretation of data, writing of manuscript, material support, and review of manuscripts and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. OPO and B.I. managed the literature searches. SOC managed the development of methodology, data analysis, and the development of the model. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. FUNDING Authors must declare if the paper submitted is funded by a grant or not. If funded, the author should provide information such as funder, Grant reference number, etc. ETHICAL APPROVAL Authors must have ethical approval for empirical research that involves animals, humans, and other species where applicable. REFERENCES Authors are required to pay special attention to the accuracy and correct presentation of references. All references must be arranged first alphabetically and then chronologically. Author(s) should follow the latest edition of the 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association (APA) style in referencing. Please visit www.apastyle.org to learn more about APA style or Click to DOWNLOAD APA Reference Example Guide (PDF). In-text references should be cited by giving the author's name and year of publication (Ebenebe, 2024). In the case of two authors (Meludu & Chukwu, 2023), and in the case of more than two authors (Igwe et al., 2006). If the reference is provided by the same author(s) in the same year, it must be identified by the letters "a," "b," "c," etc., which are placed after the publication year (Ikeogu, 2022a). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: "as demonstrated (Agu, 2011a, 2011b, 2011; Agu & Obasi, 2012; Chukwu et al., 2012; Ezenwenyi and Umeh, 2013; Ojomah 2020). References to unpublished personal communications or in the press should be avoided. 90 % of the references must have a DOI or URL (link) where the manuscript was published, not a third-party link such as ResearchGate). The references should conform to the following style and punctuation: Journal Article Ogana, FN., Chukwu, O. & Ajayi, S. (2020). Tree Size Distribution Modelling: Moving from Complexity to Finite Mixture. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science, 36(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2020.36.1.7 Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Ku¨hl, H. S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Kulik, L., Mucyo, J.P.S., Hoek, Y.V.D, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 Conference Proceedings Conference proceedings published in a journal Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116 Conference proceedings published as a whole book Kushilevitz, E., & Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9 Conference proceedings published as a book chapter Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21 Conference presentations Conference presentation Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N. (2019, August 8–11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.org/2019-video Abstract of a conference presentation Cacioppo, S. (2019, April 25–28). Evolutionary theory of social connections: Past, present, and future [Conference presentation abstract]. Ninety-ninth annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Pasadena, CA, United States. https://westernpsych.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/WPA-Program-2019-Final-2.pdf Book Nwoboshi LC (1982). Tropical silviculture: Principle and techniques. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria. 333p. https://doi.org/10.1037/JANH168-000 Contribution to a Book (book chapter in an edited book) Mettam, G.R. & Adams, L.B. (1999). How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith, R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304. Web pages Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies? HuffPost.https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e Accessed 26 June 2024. Units of Measurement: Units of measurement should be presented simply and concisely using System International (SI) units. Preparation of Figures All figures should be cited and presented in the paper in consecutive order (e.g. Figure 1:). Figures should be supplied as JPEG or PNG formats. Images should be of 300 dpi resolution at least unless the resolution is intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If an image has labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers. The title of the image or figure should be provided below the image or figure. Preparation of Tables Tables should be cited consecutively in the text. Every table must have a descriptive title, and if numerical measurements are given (e.g., Table 1: Table showing the number of crops utilized for this study), the units should be included in the column heading. Vertical rules should not be used (please see the table below or refer to an already published paper in AFNRJ). Table 1: Bird species composition in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Habitat Forested Open Pooled Number of Families 25 24 28 Number of bird species 57 55 73 Total number of individual birds 1019 965 1984 Shannon Weiner's diversity index (H-) 3.20 3.18 3.19 Pielou’s species evenness index (E) 0.461 0.463 0.46 Source: Ukpeli et al. (2024) Results from Tables and figures should be presented first before corresponding Tables or figures Equations All equations should be prepared using Microsoft Equation Editor and numbered in order from starting, and the notations used in the various equations explained after the equation. Article Processing Cost (APC) AFNRJ has no funding or sponsorship; hence, the author pays the following one-time fees to cover the costs of peer review, copyediting, typesetting, long-term archiving, and journal management. Authors, resident Nigeria: Submission fee (non-refundable): N5,000 Publication fee (accepted manuscript): N20,000 Authors resident outside Nigeria: Low-income Countries: APC: $40 or its Euro Equivalent Middle-income Countries: APC: $60 or its Euro Equivalent High-income Countries: APC: $200 or its Euro Equivalent The manuscript received will be subject to a thorough peer review. However, the decision on acceptance or rejection of an article rests entirely upon the reviewers’ reports and Editorial Board members. Authors of accepted papers will be required to proceed with payment of the publication fee and submit a corrected copy of the manuscript with evidence of payment. Note: The category was based on the World Bank, kindly Click HERE to confirm your country category. In addition to Nigerian Naira (NGN), we also accept payment in Euros (EUR) and US Dollars (USD). Contact the Editor for payment in any other currency other than NGN: editor.afnrj@journals.unizik.edu.ng Payments should be made to: Acc No.: 1312857748 Acc Name: Agric, Food & Nat Resources Journal Bank: ZENITH BANK PLC For more information, contact us: Editor-in-Chief Dr Onyekachi Chukwu Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria editor.afnrj@journals.unizik.edu.ng Business Editor Mrs. Chiamaka C. Obasi Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria cc.obasi@unizik.edu.ng
Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Journal
We sincerely appreciate your valuable contributions to Agriculture,Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) and your support in promoting scholarly research. We wish to inform you that due to rising operational costs we are implementing a necessary upward revision in our manuscript publication fee from Fifteen Thousand Naira only (N15,000) to Twenty Thousand Naira only (N20,000). This revision is with immediate effect and it is to enable us maintain the high standards of our editorial processes. We assure you that we remain committed to keeping our fees as affordable as possible while ensuring the quality and accessibility of your publications. Submission fee for manuscripts still remain Five Thousand Naira only (N5000). While thanking you for being part of our academic community, we expect you to contact us at afnrj.unizik@gmail.com for any questions or further clarifications. We look forward to your continued support to AFNRJ Editorial Team
You are invited to submit a manuscript for Volume 4, Issue 2 of the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) to be published on 31st September 2025. Submission for this Issue Ends on the 30th June 2025 ABOUT JOURNAL Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) is an international peer-reviewed, open-access, and print journal. AFNRJ is the official scientific journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The scope of the journal is to publish peer-reviewed research papers, short communications, reviews, and comments. The emphasis is on Animal Science, Crop Science, Forest Science, Wildlife Management, Food Science and Technology, Fisheries, Aquaculture Management, Climate Change and Environmental Management, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension, Horticulture, Rural Sociology, Soil Science, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Engineering, Agroforestry Practice, Biotechnology, Biomass, Carbon, and Bioenergy; Genetics and Breeding; Molecular Biology; Landscape Ecology, Biometrics and Remote Sensing, Conservation and Ecotourism, Rangeland Management, and other relevant fields. What can you expect if you publish in the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ)? A straightforward and friendly publishing service Immediate, free access to your article for anyone anywhere in the world Rigorous peer review featuring constructive dialogue with experts Retention of the full copyright in your work Bi annual publication on a state-of-the-art platform Global marketing and indexing, including innovative article-level metrics High production values Perpetual archive preservation of your work AFNRJ provides a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI), ORCID integrated and indexed in OpenAIRE, Google Scholar, Zenodo, CERN Open Science, and UnizikSpace institutional repository manuscripts that exceed 25% similarity index will not be accepted for publication in AFNRJ GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS (CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD Author's Guide) Manuscripts for AFNRJ must be written in UK English. Authors whose native language is not English must have their manuscripts checked by a native English speaker before submission. The manuscript will be peer-reviewed by referees selected by the editor and will be published in approximately the order in which the final version is received. Manuscripts will be judged based on originality, innovativeness, relevancy, and acceptance based on reviewers’ recommendations. Upon acceptance for publication, the manuscript must not be published again in any form without the written consent of both the author(s) and editor. Manuscript Submission Manuscripts for publication in AFNRJ must be submitted electronically as text files saved in MS Word to afnrj@journals.unizik.edu.ng or via WEBSITE. Submission must be by the author(s) to whom acknowledgment of receipt and other correspondence will be addressed. Any manuscript submitted must be unpublished work not being offered for publication elsewhere. General Format The manuscript should be typewritten with double spacing on one side of standard A4. The text should be prepared in single-column format, 12pt New Times Roman. Headings except the abstract should be bold and capitalized. Subheadings should also be bold with keywords starting with a capital letter. Both headings and subheadings must be left aligned. All pages must be numbered. Original Full-Length Research Manuscript This should include original empirical data that have not been published anywhere earlier (except as an abstract). The manuscript should not be more than 6 - 8 published journal pages. As a general rule, this means that the manuscript should be limited to approximately 15 double-spaced typewritten pages from the abstract to the reference page or appendix, as the case may be. Review Papers The review paper should not have empirical data acquired by the authors but should include a discussion of papers published and data acquired in a specific area. All data used must be adequately referenced. The review paper must explore the topic thoroughly and should be approximately 18–20 double-spaced typewritten pages. Short Communication Short Communications should be urgent communications of important preliminary results that are very original, of high interest, and likely to have a significant impact on the subject area of the journal. There is no strict page limit for short communication, but not more than 5–7 double-spaced typewritten pages, plus 2–3 figures and/or tables, and 15 - 20 key references are recommended. Manuscript Structure Authors should attach three (3) separate files in the following order: FIRST DOCUMENT (MS WORD FORMAT)- COVER Title of manuscript (maximum of 18 words) List for all authors, affiliations, emails, and phone numbers (WhatsApp preferable for each author) The affiliations should contain the department, institution, city, state, and country. A superscript number must be provided after each author's name and in front of their addresses for identification. The corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk and the e-mail address provided. Authors’ names should be written in full: First name, Middle name and Surname in Capitals (e.g. Abubakar Bolaji SOMTOCHUKWU1*, Sarah JOHN2 & Kenechi Toyin HASSAN1) Open Researcher and Contributor IDentity (ORCID). All authors must provide their ORCID. Authors who don’t have ORCID should register for free using this link: https://orcid.org/signin. Ethical Statement Funding information Conflict of interest Acknowledgements A brief acknowledgment section should be given after the conclusion and recommendation section just before the references. The acknowledgments of people who assisted in manuscript preparation, funding for research, etc. should be listed in this section. All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgment. Authors should declare the role of the funding agency, if any, in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state. Conflict of Interest Authors must declare any conflict of interest. If there are no competing interests to declare, the authors should include a statement in the article to confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report. Example: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest. Authors’ Contributions "Authors A and B" (e.g., CJU and OPO) managed data collection, interpretation of data, writing of manuscript, material support, and review of manuscripts and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. “Authors B and C” (e.g., OPO and B.I.) managed the literature searches. “Author D” (e.g., SOC) managed the development of methodology, data analysis, and the development of the model. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding Information Information on the source of funds for this study should be stated. If funded by grant, the grant references number and the organization should be stated. If self-sponsored, kindly indicate. Ethical Statement Provide Information on ethical approval for your research, especially research that involves animal or human. If your research did not involve ethical approval, kindly indicate “Not applicable”. SECOND (MS WORD FORMAT)- MAIN WORK TITLE The title should be maximum of 18 words and not contain any abbreviation, and it should enlighten the contents of the manuscript. (DO NOT INCLUDE AUTHORS INFORMATION ON THIS DOCUMENT) ABSTRACT The abstract should be concise, informative, and not exceed 250 words. The abstract should be arranged in one paragraph, covering a brief description of the purpose of the work. Techniques, methods, and the design used. Major findings with relevant statistics, p-values, and confidence intervals. Major conclusions and recommendations. Keywords Between 4 - 6 keywords should be provided. Authors should try as much as possible that keywords should contain the words not in the title and avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). INTRODUCTION (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT) This section should provide a factual background, a clearly defined problem, a proposed solution, and the scope and justification of the work done. All these should be backed by relevant literature. Ninety percent (90%) of the literature used should not be more than TEN years from the date the work was carried out, except in exceptional cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT) This section should provide adequate information that will allow the experiment to be reproduced. Already published methods should be mentioned with references. Significant modifications of published methods and new methods should be described in detail. This section should include sub-sections based on the test or investigation carried out following the format below: Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) - Second Level Heading. Note: All the keywords must start with a capital letter. Sub-subheading (Times New Roman, bold, 12 font) - Third-level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Sub-sub-subheading (Times New Roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results should be clearly described concisely. Results for different parameters should be described under subheadings or in separate paragraphs. Table or figure numbers should be mentioned in parentheses for better understanding. Discussion must not repeat the results but provide a detailed interpretation of the data. This should interpret the significance of the findings of the work. Recent citations should be given in support of the findings (note: 90% of the citations must be from literature published not more than TEN years from when the work was carried out). The results and discussion may be separated. But it is recommended that the sections be joined. As in the material and method section, this section must include sub-sections based on the results of the test or investigation carried out following the format below: Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) Second Level Heading. Note: All the keywords must start with a capital letter. Sub-subheading (Times New Roman, bold, 12 font) - Third-level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Sub-sub-subheading (Times New Roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Tables and Figures Tables and figures should be placed inside the text. Tables and figures must be presented in relation to their appearance in the text. It is suggested that the discussion about the tables and figures should appear in the text before the appearance of the respective tables and figures. No tables or figures should be given without discussion or reference inside the text. Tables should be explanatory enough to be understandable without any text reference. Single spacing should be maintained throughout the table, including table headings and footnotes. Table headings should be placed above the table. Footnotes should be placed below the table with superscript. lowercase letters. Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, outside the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusions should be based strictly on the major findings from the study. The conclusion should be followed immediately with a concise recommendation based on your results. REFERENCES Authors are required to pay special attention to the accuracy and correct presentation of references. All references must be arranged first alphabetically and then chronologically. Author(s) should follow the latest edition of the American Psychological Association (APA) style in referencing. Please visit www.apastyle.org to learn more about APA style or Click to DOWNLOAD APA Reference Example Guide (PDF). In-text references should be cited by giving the author's name and year of publication (Ebenebe, 2024). In the case of two authors (Meludu & Chukwu, 2023), and in the case of more than two authors (Igwe et al., 2006). If the reference is provided by the same author(s) in the same year, it must be identified by the letters "a," "b," "c," etc., which are placed after the publication year (Ikeogu, 2022a). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: "as demonstrated (Agu, 2011a, 2011b, 2011; Agu & Obasi, 2012; Chukwu et al., 2012; Ezenwenyi and Umeh, 2013; Ojomah 2020). Example of in-text citation: According to Obidiebube (2024), the impact of climate change has been reported on natural and human systems (Okeke, 2023). Use “&” not “and” for authors’ names in bot in-text citation and reference list. References to unpublished personal communications or in the press should be avoided. DOIs or URLs of 90% of articles in your reference list should be provided. The references should conform to the following style and punctuation: Journal Article Ogana, FN., Chukwu, O. & Ajayi, S. (2020). Tree Size Distribution Modelling: Moving from Complexity to Finite Mixture. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science, 36(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2020.36.1.7 Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Ku¨hl, H. S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Kulik, L., Mucyo, J.P.S., Hoek, Y.V.D, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 Conference Proceedings Conference proceedings published in a journal Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116 Conference proceedings published as a whole book Kushilevitz, E., & Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9 Conference proceedings published as a book chapter Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21 Conference presentations Conference presentation Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N. (2019, August 8–11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.org/2019-video Abstract of a conference presentation Cacioppo, S. (2019, April 25–28). Evolutionary theory of social connections: Past, present, and future [Conference presentation abstract]. Ninety-ninth annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Pasadena, CA, United States. https://westernpsych.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/WPA-Program-2019-Final-2.pdf Book Nwoboshi LC (1982). Tropical silviculture: Principle and techniques. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria. 333p. https://doi.org/10.1037/JANH168-000 Contribution to a Book (book chapter in an edited book) Mettam, G.R. & Adams, L.B. (1999). How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith, R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304. Web pages Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies? HuffPost.https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e Accessed 26 June 2024. Note: Authors are strongly requested to include the DOI in the reference if a journal article has a DOI. If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL (HTTP, www) that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference. Units of Measurement: Units of measurement should be presented simply and concisely using System International (SI) units. Preparation of Figures All figures should be cited and presented in the paper in consecutive order (e.g. Figure 1:). Figures should be supplied as JPEG or PNG formats. Images should be of 300 dpi resolution at least unless the resolution is intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If an image has labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers. The title of the image or figure should be provided below the image or figure. Preparation of tables Tables should be cited consecutively in the text. Every table must have a descriptive title, and if numerical measurements are given (e.g., Table 1: Table showing the number of crops utilized for this study), the units should be included in the column heading. Vertical rules should not be used (please see the table below or refer to an already published paper in AFNRJ). Table 1: Bird species composition in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Habitat Forested Open Pooled Number of Families 25 24 28 Number of bird species 57 55 73 Total number of individual birds 1019 965 1984 Shannon Weiner's diversity index (H-) 3.20 3.18 3.19 Pielou’s species evenness index (E) 0.461 0.463 0.46 Source: Ukpeli et al. (2024) Equations All equations should be numbered in order from starting, and the notations used in the various equations should be given after the abstract. Authors are insisted on following standard notations and SI units’ systems, even though it’s not mandatory. All equations should be prepared using Microsoft Equation Editor. THIRD DOCUMENT (PICTURE OR PDF FORMAT)- EVIDENCE OF SUBMISSION FEE PAYMENT ARTICLE PROCESSING COST (APC) AFNRJ has no funding or sponsorship; hence, the author pays the following one-time fees to cover the costs of peer review, copyediting, typesetting, long-term archiving, and journal management. Authors, resident Nigeria: Submission fee (non-refundable): N5,000 Publication fee (Payable only if manuscript is accepted): N20,000 Authors resident outside Nigeria: Low-income Countries Submission fee (Non-refundable): $20 Publication fee (Accepted manuscript): $70 Middle-income Countries Submission fee (Non-refundable): $30 Publication fee (Accepted manuscript): $100 High-income Countries Submission fee (Non-refundable): $100 Publication fee (Accepted manuscript): $500 The manuscript received will be subjected to a thorough peer review. However, the decision on acceptance or rejection of an article rests entirely upon the reviewers’ reports and Editorial Board members. Authors of accepted papers will be required to proceed with payment of the publication fee and submit a corrected copy of the manuscript with evidence of payment. Note: The category was based on the World Bank, kindly Click HERE to confirm your country category. In addition to Nigerian Naira (NGN), we also accept payment in Euros (EUR) and US Dollars (USD). Payments should be made to: Acc No.: 1312857748 Acc Name: Agric, Food & Nat Resources Journal Bank: ZENITH BANK
You are invited to submit a manuscript for Volume 5, Issue 1 of the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) to be published on 31st March 2026. Submission for this Issue Ends on the 31st of December 2025 ABOUT JOURNAL Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ) is an international peer-reviewed, open-access, and print journal. AFNRJ is the official scientific journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The scope of the journal is to publish peer-reviewed research papers, short communications, reviews, and comments. The emphasis is on Animal Science, Crop Science, Forest Science, Wildlife Management, Food Science and Technology, Fisheries, Aquaculture Management, Climate Change and Environmental Management, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension, Horticulture, Rural Sociology, Soil Science, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Engineering, Agroforestry Practice, Biotechnology, Biomass, Carbon, and Bioenergy; Genetics and Breeding; Molecular Biology; Landscape Ecology, Biometrics and Remote Sensing, Conservation and Ecotourism, Rangeland Management, and other relevant fields. What can you expect if you publish in the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal (AFNRJ)? A straightforward and friendly publishing service Immediate, free access to your article for anyone anywhere in the world Rigorous peer review featuring constructive dialogue with experts Retention of the full copyright in your work Bi annual publication on a state-of-the-art platform Global marketing and indexing, including innovative article-level metrics High production values Perpetual archive preservation of your work AFNRJ provides a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI), ORCID integrated and indexed in OpenAIRE, Google Scholar, Zenodo, CERN Open Science, and UnizikSpace institutional repository manuscripts that exceed 25% similarity index will not be accepted for publication in AFNRJ GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS (CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD Author's Guide) Manuscripts for AFNRJ must be written in UK English. Authors whose native language is not English must have their manuscripts checked by a native English speaker before submission. The manuscript will be peer-reviewed by referees selected by the editor and will be published in approximately the order in which the final version is received. Manuscripts will be judged based on originality, innovativeness, relevancy, and acceptance based on reviewers’ recommendations. Upon acceptance for publication, the manuscript must not be published again in any form without the written consent of both the author(s) and editor. Manuscript Submission Manuscripts for publication in AFNRJ must be submitted electronically as text files saved in MS Word to afnrj@journals.unizik.edu.ng. Submission must be by the author(s) to whom acknowledgment of receipt and other correspondence will be addressed. Any manuscript submitted must be unpublished work not being offered for publication elsewhere. General Format The manuscript should be typewritten with double spacing on one side of standard A4. The text should be prepared in single-column format, 12pt New Times Roman. Headings except the abstract should be bold and capitalized. Subheadings should also be bold with keywords starting with a capital letter. Both headings and subheadings must be left aligned. All pages must be numbered. Original Full-Length Research Manuscript This should include original empirical data that have not been published anywhere earlier (except as an abstract). The manuscript should not be more than 6 - 8 published journal pages. As a general rule, this means that the manuscript should be limited to approximately 15 double-spaced typewritten pages from the abstract to the reference page or appendix, as the case may be. Review Papers The review paper should not have empirical data acquired by the authors but should include a discussion of papers published and data acquired in a specific area. All data used must be adequately referenced. The review paper must explore the topic thoroughly and should be approximately 18–20 double-spaced typewritten pages. Short Communication Short Communications should be urgent communications of important preliminary results that are very original, of high interest, and likely to have a significant impact on the subject area of the journal. There is no strict page limit for short communication, but not more than 5–7 double-spaced typewritten pages, plus 2–3 figures and/or tables, and 15 - 20 key references are recommended. Manuscript Structure Authors should attach three (3) separate files in the following order: FIRST DOCUMENT (MS WORD FORMAT)- COVER Title of manuscript (maximum of 18 words) List for all authors, affiliations, emails, and phone numbers (WhatsApp preferable for each author) The affiliations should contain the department, institution, city, state, and country. A superscript number must be provided after each author's name and in front of their addresses for identification. The corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk and the e-mail address provided. Authors’ names should be written in full: First name, Middle name and Surname in Capitals (e.g. Abubakar Bolaji SOMTOCHUKWU1*, Sarah JOHN2 & Kenechi Toyin HASSAN1) Open Researcher and Contributor IDentity (ORCID). All authors must provide their ORCID. Authors who don’t have ORCID should register for free using this link: https://orcid.org/signin. Ethical Statement Funding information Conflict of interest Acknowledgements A brief acknowledgment section should be given after the conclusion and recommendation section just before the references. The acknowledgments of people who assisted in manuscript preparation, funding for research, etc. should be listed in this section. All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgment. Authors should declare the role of the funding agency, if any, in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state. Conflict of Interest Authors must declare any conflict of interest. If there are no competing interests to declare, the authors should include a statement in the article to confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report. Example: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest. Authors’ Contributions "Authors A and B" (e.g., CJU and OPO) managed data collection, interpretation of data, writing of manuscript, material support, and review of manuscripts and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. “Authors B and C” (e.g., OPO and B.I.) managed the literature searches. “Author D” (e.g., SOC) managed the development of methodology, data analysis, and the development of the model. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding Information Information on the source of funds for this study should be stated. If funded by grant, the grant references number and the organization should be stated. If self-sponsored, kindly indicate. Ethical Statement Provide Information on ethical approval for your research, especially research that involves animal or human. If your research did not involve ethical approval, kindly indicate “Not applicable”. SECOND (MS WORD FORMAT)- MAIN WORK TITLE The title should be maximum of 18 words and not contain any abbreviation, and it should enlighten the contents of the manuscript. (DO NOT INCLUDE AUTHORS INFORMATION ON THIS DOCUMENT) ABSTRACT The abstract should be concise, informative, and not exceed 250 words. The abstract should be arranged in one paragraph, covering a brief description of the purpose of the work. Techniques, methods, and the design used. Major findings with relevant statistics, p-values, and confidence intervals. Major conclusions and recommendations. Keywords Between 4 - 6 keywords should be provided. Authors should try as much as possible that keywords should contain the words not in the title and avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). INTRODUCTION (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT) This section should provide a factual background, a clearly defined problem, a proposed solution, and the scope and justification of the work done. All these should be backed by relevant literature. Ninety percent (90%) of the literature used should not be more than TEN years from the date the work was carried out, except in exceptional cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT) This section should provide adequate information that will allow the experiment to be reproduced. Already published methods should be mentioned with references. Significant modifications of published methods and new methods should be described in detail. This section should include sub-sections based on the test or investigation carried out following the format below: Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) - Second Level Heading. Note: All the keywords must start with a capital letter. Sub-subheading (Times New Roman, bold, 12 font) - Third-level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Sub-sub-subheading (Times New Roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results should be clearly described concisely. Results for different parameters should be described under subheadings or in separate paragraphs. Table or figure numbers should be mentioned in parentheses for better understanding. Discussion must not repeat the results but provide a detailed interpretation of the data. This should interpret the significance of the findings of the work. Recent citations should be given in support of the findings (note: 90% of the citations must be from literature published not more than TEN years from when the work was carried out). The results and discussion may be separated. But it is recommended that the sections be joined. As in the material and method section, this section must include sub-sections based on the results of the test or investigation carried out following the format below: Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) Second Level Heading. Note: All the keywords must start with a capital letter. Sub-subheading (Times New Roman, bold, 12 font) - Third-level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Sub-sub-subheading (Times New Roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with a capital letter. Tables and Figures Tables and figures should be placed inside the text. Tables and figures must be presented in relation to their appearance in the text. It is suggested that the discussion about the tables and figures should appear in the text before the appearance of the respective tables and figures. No tables or figures should be given without discussion or reference inside the text. Tables should be explanatory enough to be understandable without any text reference. Single spacing should be maintained throughout the table, including table headings and footnotes. Table headings should be placed above the table. Footnotes should be placed below the table with superscript. lowercase letters. Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, outside the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusions should be based strictly on the major findings from the study. The conclusion should be followed immediately with a concise recommendation based on your results. REFERENCES Authors are required to pay special attention to the accuracy and correct presentation of references. All references must be arranged first alphabetically and then chronologically. Author(s) should follow the latest edition of the American Psychological Association (APA) style in referencing. Please visit www.apastyle.org to learn more about APA style or Click to DOWNLOAD APA Reference Example Guide (PDF). In-text references should be cited by giving the author's name and year of publication (Ebenebe, 2024). In the case of two authors (Meludu & Chukwu, 2023), and in the case of more than two authors (Igwe et al., 2006). If the reference is provided by the same author(s) in the same year, it must be identified by the letters "a," "b," "c," etc., which are placed after the publication year (Ikeogu, 2022a). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: "as demonstrated (Agu, 2011a, 2011b, 2011; Agu & Obasi, 2012; Chukwu et al., 2012; Ezenwenyi and Umeh, 2013; Ojomah 2020). Example of in-text citation: According to Obidiebube (2024), the impact of climate change has been reported on natural and human systems (Okeke, 2023). Use “&” not “and” for authors’ names in bot in-text citation and reference list. References to unpublished personal communications or in the press should be avoided. DOIs or URLs of 90% of articles in your reference list should be provided. The references should conform to the following style and punctuation: Journal Article Ogana, FN., Chukwu, O. & Ajayi, S. (2020). Tree Size Distribution Modelling: Moving from Complexity to Finite Mixture. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science, 36(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2020.36.1.7 Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Ku¨hl, H. S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Kulik, L., Mucyo, J.P.S., Hoek, Y.V.D, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 Conference Proceedings Conference proceedings published in a journal Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116 Conference proceedings published as a whole book Kushilevitz, E., & Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9 Conference proceedings published as a book chapter Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21 Conference presentations Conference presentation Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N. (2019, August 8–11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.org/2019-video Abstract of a conference presentation Cacioppo, S. (2019, April 25–28). Evolutionary theory of social connections: Past, present, and future [Conference presentation abstract]. Ninety-ninth annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Pasadena, CA, United States. https://westernpsych.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/WPA-Program-2019-Final-2.pdf Book Nwoboshi LC (1982). Tropical silviculture: Principle and techniques. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria. 333p. https://doi.org/10.1037/JANH168-000 Contribution to a Book (book chapter in an edited book) Mettam, G.R. & Adams, L.B. (1999). How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith, R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304. Web pages Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies? HuffPost.https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e Accessed 26 June 2024. Note: Authors are strongly requested to include the DOI in the reference if a journal article has a DOI. If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL (HTTP, www) that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference. Units of Measurement: Units of measurement should be presented simply and concisely using System International (SI) units. Preparation of Figures All figures should be cited and presented in the paper in consecutive order (e.g. Figure 1:). Figures should be supplied as JPEG or PNG formats. Images should be of 300 dpi resolution at least unless the resolution is intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If an image has labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers. The title of the image or figure should be provided below the image or figure. Preparation of tables Tables should be cited consecutively in the text. Every table must have a descriptive title, and if numerical measurements are given (e.g., Table 1: Table showing the number of crops utilized for this study), the units should be included in the column heading. Vertical rules should not be used (please see the table below or refer to an already published paper in AFNRJ). Table 1: Bird species composition in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Habitat Forested Open Pooled Number of Families 25 24 28 Number of bird species 57 55 73 Total number of individual birds 1019 965 1984 Shannon Weiner's diversity index (H-) 3.20 3.18 3.19 Pielou’s species evenness index (E) 0.461 0.463 0.46 Source: Ukpeli et al. (2024) Equations All equations should be numbered in order from starting, and the notations used in the various equations should be given after the abstract. Authors are insisted on following standard notations and SI units’ systems, even though it’s not mandatory. All equations should be prepared using Microsoft Equation Editor. THIRD DOCUMENT (PICTURE OR PDF FORMAT)- EVIDENCE OF SUBMISSION FEE PAYMENT ARTICLE PROCESSING COST (APC) AFNRJ has no funding or sponsorship; hence, the author pays the following one-time fees to cover the costs of peer review, copyediting, typesetting, long-term archiving, and journal management. Authors, resident Nigeria: Submission fee (non-refundable): N5,000 Publication fee (Payable only if manuscript is accepted): N20,000 Authors resident outside Nigeria: Low-income Countries Submission fee (Non-refundable): $20 Publication fee (Accepted manuscript): $70 Middle-income Countries Submission fee (Non-refundable): $30 Publication fee (Accepted manuscript): $100 High-income Countries Submission fee (Non-refundable): $100 Publication fee (Accepted manuscript): $500 The manuscript received will be subjected to a thorough peer review. However, the decision on acceptance or rejection of an article rests entirely upon the reviewers’ reports and Editorial Board members. Authors of accepted papers will be required to proceed with payment of the publication fee and submit a corrected copy of the manuscript with evidence of payment. Note: The category was based on the World Bank, kindly Click HERE to confirm your country category. In addition to Nigerian Naira (NGN), we also accept payment in Euros (EUR) and US Dollars (USD). Payments should be made to: Acc No.: 1312857748 Acc Name: Agric, Food & Nat Resources Journal Bank: ZENITH BANK