Mucuna pruriens (Egbara) in Nutritional Food Security: A Review

Abstract

Heightened level of global food insecurity has necessitated the exploration of less utilized crops like Mucuna pruriens. Mucuna pruriens, a leguminous plant with a rich history in traditional medicine and agriculture, has garnered attention for its multifaceted botanical attributes, nutritional composition, and versatile applications. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the botany of Mucuna pruriens, exploring its taxonomy, morphology, and ecological preferences. The plant's ability to thrive in various agroclimatic conditions underscores its potential as a resilient and valuable resource. In addition to its botanical aspects, this review covers proximate composition of Mucuna pruriens, highlighting its role as a source of essential nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The review also elucidates the diverse uses of Mucuna pruriens across different cultures and industries. In traditional medicine, the plant has been employed for its neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and aphrodisiac properties. Furthermore, its potential as a sustainable alternative in agriculture was explored, with the ability to enhance soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and serve as a valuable forage for livestock. Its food uses, though limited, were also documented. As global interest in improving food security through lesser-known crops grow, Mucuna pruriens emerges as a promising legume for further research and utilization.