Variability in Soil Physicochemical Properties along a Grid in Ifite-Ogwari, Southeast Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the physicochemical properties of soils along a grid in Ifite-Ogwari, Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State to identify variability in soil parameters and determine soil quality along the grid. Three topographic positions were identified, namely: the lower, middle, and upper slopes. Soil samples were collected from each topographic position along the grid. A total of eighteen (18) disturbed samples were collected at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths and nine undisturbed samples from the nine different positions along the grid. The samples were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Parr’s Soil Quality Evaluation/Ranking Index was used to estimate soil quality. The results showed that the soil texture was clay loam. Sand and clay content, as well as bulk density and hydraulic conductivity, showed significant differences along the grid but not within the depths. The soil was slightly acidic. It was observed that soil nutrient levels and quality varied across the different topographic positions. While there were no variations in soil physical properties between depths, a few chemical parameters did vary with depth. The soil quality index by Parr indicated that soils at the lower slope were more fertile and productive, followed by the middle slope, while the upper slope was the least fertile. The implication is that crops planted at the lower and middle slopes will perform better than those planted at the upper slope due to variations in nutrient availability. Farmers are therefore advised to apply more manure and crop residues, as well as adopt more sustainable management techniques at the upper slope positions to enhance soil fertility and improve crop production.