HYBRID LEAN-AGILE FRAMEWORK AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A FOCUS ON CADBURY NIG PLC.

Abstract

This study examines the effect of a Hybrid Lean-Agile Framework on operational efficiency in manufacturing firms, with a specific focus on Cadbury Nigeria Plc in Lagos. Manufacturing firms in Nigeria face persistent challenges such as high production costs, extended lead times, and significant operational waste, which traditional process improvement models have struggled to resolve. By integrating Lean Manufacturing’s waste-reduction principles with Agile's adaptability and responsiveness, the hybrid framework aims to enhance productivity, responsiveness, and process optimization. A mixed-method research design was adopted, combining quantitative data from structured surveys with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews involving 260 employees. Key performance indicators—production lead time, waste generation, and productivity—were analysed before and after implementation. The results show a 25.4% reduction in production lead time, a 29.1% decrease in waste generation, and a 25% increase in productivity. Correlation and regression analyses confirmed statistically significant relationships between framework implementation and all three indicators. Qualitative findings further highlighted enhanced operational flexibility, improved interdepartmental communication, and greater employee engagement, though challenges such as resistance to change and training gaps were noted. The study concludes that the Hybrid Lean-Agile Framework significantly improves operational efficiency and offers a viable model for firms in volatile and resource-constrained environments.