CACH Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies

IGBU ỌCHỤ DỊKA ỌGHỌM NYE NDỤ: NZIPỤTA YA N’AKWỤKWỌ NDỊ A HỌỌRỌ

Nnamdi Ani — 2024-02-21

Igbu ọchụ abụrụla otu ihe jupụtara ụwa taa nakwa n’ala Naijirịa. Ọnọdụ a na-ebute nnukwu ọdachi n’obodo nakwa n’ezinaụlọ dị iche iche. O nweghị ụbọchị chi bọrọ, anaghị anụ maka ndị maọbụ onye nwụrụ ọnwụ n’ike site n’iji egbe, mma maọbụ site n’ihe mberede okporoụzọ. Ụfọdụ ndị jizi igbu mmadụ n’ike dịka ụzọ ha ji akpata ego, ebe ụfọdụ ji ya dịka ụzọ ha ga-eji nweta ọkwa ọchịchị. Ka ndị mmadụ si ewetara mmadụ ibe ha ọnwụ ike iji kpata ego n’oge a nakwa ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ aka ha dị ọcha si àlá àlà mmụọ n’ike n’oge a kpalitere mmụọ nwanchọcha ileba anya n’isiokwu a iji hụ etu ndị odee agụmagụ Igbo si zipụta ọnwụ ike n’ime akwụkwọ ha. Nchọcha a ga-eleba anya n’akwụkwọ agụmagụ abụọ ndị a họọrọ nke gụnyere iduuazị abụọ na ejije abụọ. Nwanchọcha gbasoro atụtụ ezi agwa Plato na Aristotle wubere nke nyere nwanchọcha ohere ileba anya n’agụmagụ wee zipụta ọnọdụ pụtara ìhè n’ime ha nke dubara agwa ndị nọ n’akwụkwọ ndị a ibutere mmadụ ọnwụ ike na nsogbu ezinaụlọ ahụ ọdachi ahụ dabidoro nwere. Nwanchọcha gbasoro usoro nchocha nke nkọwa iji mee ka isiokwu a doo anya. Nchọpụta gosịrị na e nwere ọtụtụ ihe butere e ji egbu mmadụ n’ike nke onye ọbụla nwere òkè na ọrụ ịhụ na ọnọdụ ọjọo a belatara maọbụ kwụsị kpamkpam. Ụfọdụ na-ebutere ibe ha ọnwụ ike n’ihi na ha chọrọ ịbụ eze, ebe a na-azọ akụnaụba, ekworo nakwa anyaụfụ d.g.z. Ndị ọchịchị ga-ahụ na ha wepụtara ọrụ nye ndị ntorọbịa iji gbochie igbu mmadụ n’ike; ma mee ka ndụ bụrụ ihe a na-echekwa nke ọma. Nchọcha a ga-enyere ndị Igbo aka iwepụ aka n’ihe ọbụla ga-eduba ha n’igbu mmadụ n’ike. Ọ ga-emekwa ka mmadụ malite inwe ezi ịhụnanya n’ebe mmadụ ibe ya nọ nke ga-eme ka mmadụ iji aka ya butere mmadụ ibe ya ọnwụ ike laa kpamkpam.

TRANSHUMANISM AND LIMITS OF ENHANCEMENT

Cyril Chibuzo Ezeani — 2024-02-21

Transhumanism with its notion of evolutionary humanism questions the more traditional understanding of human nature as a constant and fixed reality. Transhumanism maintains that the frontiers of human condition can always be expanded for a posthuman to emerge. This implies a movement from what has been described as humanity 1.0 to humanity 2.0. In this movement, propelled by the idea of morphological freedom, made possible by burgeoning technological advancements, humans can be progressively and comprehensively enhanced to surpass human finitude and contingencies. This position can be philosophically disquieting as it grapples with what the dire consequences of unmitigated enhancement in the light of evolutionary humanism wrought by technology would amount to for both the individual, the society and humanity at large. The present work, using the method of hermeneutics, while acknowledging that human nature could be amorphous or at best slippery in its conceptualization, and recognizing the difficulty in determining at what point human nature is essentially altered, argues for a limit in the degree of enhancement as it raises objection to the idea of unmitigated morphological freedom. The basic argument is that while human condition can be enhanced, it must be moderated by the idea of an essence lest man tows the path of self-destruct. To enhance without limit is to enhance without end and such has a destructive consequence for the notions of equality and morality which are the bedrock of the society. The work concludes by maintaining that at every point in time the idea of man as a moral being and the value of human condition must always be considered in determining what constitutes a genuine human life.

CULTURE PRESERVATION THROUGH MUSIC IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF EHUME OBOWO COMMUNITY IN IMO STATE NIGERIA

Chinyere C. Esimone — 2024-02-21

Every Nation, tribe and race have different cultures; and culture represents the way of life of a people. Culture is the many influences of a people in a community which had to do with their knowledge, character, social life and behaviour. It is also seen as the beliefs and customs and social organisations of a people. This means that every society represents a culture that defines who they are; such is the case with Ehume Obowo Community in Imo State. Culture is very important if the existence of the people will last, and as a result, the preservation of such culture therefore becomes very paramount. Studies have shown that preservation of anything good must start from the foundation; hence the culture of a people is best done through music in Early Childhood Education. This study investigated the importance of culture in the life of the people of Ehume Obowo and how it is preserved through Education in early childhood. This research adopted observation and literature study. And conclusions were drawn following the findings. The study showed that the culture of a people is their life and its preservation is of greater importance, and it is best preserved through music in early childhood education.

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY AND MULTICULTURALISM

Jude I. Onebunne — 2024-02-21

Multiculturalism or cultural pluralism is a condition in which there are many cultures as ways of peoples’ life within (a well-defined and organized) human society. In lato sensu, multiculturalism is a socio-political situation that allows healthy human interaction within a society, amongst many peoples of diverse cultures, races and nations. Multiculturalism, therefore, deals with cultural diversities within a human society. It is all about proper differential integration of humanity. However, Philosophy with its conceptual appreciation of philosophemes remains in Okere’s definition a hermeneutics of culture within the people’s weltamschaunng. Consequently, Philosophy as a human enterprise as well as hermeneutics of culture and in our context, African Philosophy, as love of African wisdom and a disciplinary movement helps in human integration into cultural diversities. The researcher in his critical assessment finds out that Continental Africa, being a multicultural society, needs a philosophy, precisely an African Philosophy.

GENDER AND LAND USE FOR FARMING IN RURAL UBAHA-AKPULU COMMUNITY IMO STATE NIGERIA

Ifeoma Elizabeth Ohachenu — 2024-02-21

Land is an important resource in African farming systems. It is the solid part of the earth's surface and includes the rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, hills, mountains valleys. In fact, it is fundamental to people's existence in most rural communities. In a predominantly farming community land is equal to life, and most activities revolve around land. Access to this important resource in our farming system is, therefore, critical to the life and well-being of the people in our rural economies. This papers examines the issues of gender by examining the differential access to this resource among men and women in our rural communities. Using Ubaha-Akpulu community in Ideato-North L.G.A of Imo State as a case study, the paper explores the dynamics of gender in the processes governing ownership and control of land resources in the community. Specifically, we look at the ownership structure, method of allocation, the target users, costs (if any), and the factors that play out in the allocation and how women’s needs are addressed in the process. The findings inform our stance and recommendations for gender -inclusiveness in policy formulations that will place women on a proper footing in rural agricultural reforms.

EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AS A DETERMINANT OF RIGHT-SIZING IN TOURISM ORGANIZATINS IN IMO STATE NIGERIA

Kenneth Chukwudi Njoku — 2024-02-20

The study examines employee compensation and right-sizing in tourism organizations in Imo State Nigeria. The study was conducted to find out the relationship between base pay and right-sizing; benefits package and right sizing as well as bonuses and right-sizing in tourism organizations in Imo State Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The researchers used the Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory to show the relevance of the study. The survey resign design was used to handle the study. A structured questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. The researcher employed the simple random probability sampling technique in the study. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed in the testing of the hypotheses. The findings showed that base pay positively influenced right-sizing in tourism organizations; benefits package positively influenced rightsizing in tourism organizations and offer of bonus positively affected right-sizing in tourism organizations in Imo State. It was concluded that compensation enhanced right-sizing in tourism organizations in Imo State. The study recommends that management of various tourism organizations needs to not take the issue of right-sizing for granted hence workers need to be paid as at when due in tourism organizations; workers need to be made to enjoy fringe benefits in tourism organizations and bonuses need to be paid to deserving workers in tourism organizations in Imo State.

CHURCH AND STATE RELATIONS: ANAMBRA STATE EXPERIENCE

Benjamin Chukwunonso Nwokocha — 2024-02-20

The Church and state are expected to work together for the maximum benefit of the masses irrespective of diverse religious affiliations. The researcher have observed, however, that the two institutions seem not to work together in Anambra State. The two institutions seems to be divided owing to the culture of unhealthy rivalry among different religious groups and churches in the state. Based on the religious differences the church and political leadership of the state could not conveniently partner together as two sides of the same coin. This as a matter of fact has hindered the corporation that should have existed between the church and state leadership. To execute this research, the researcher employed the use of primary and secondary sources in gathering data. The primary sources involves interviews and direct personal observations while the secondary sources investigated the views of various scholars, which are gathered from written documents like books, journals and other literary documents. This study attempted to proffer some workable solutions on how to bridge the gap that have long existed between the church and the state. The paper recommends that it is necessary that the church and the political leadership in Anambra State will work together as two sides of the same coin (that is, working together as two distinct social institutions) in alleviating the plights of the citizens especially among the youths. With this in place there will be a remarkable progress in overall developments of the state.

IGBO AND SENEGALESE FUNERALS: INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS IN DEATH PHASE OF RITES OF PASSAGE

Ann Onyekelu — 2024-02-20

This study provides the first in-depth understanding of responses to death, funeral care and family relations in Igbo land and Senegal. In Igbo land and Senegal, the loss of a close adult relative is a significant life transition that almost everyone experiences at some point in the life course and which may have a range of material, social and emotional consequences for children and families. Death and funeral rites in African are deeply rooted in the cultural beliefs, traditions and indigenous religions of the Africans. They are guided by Africans’ view of existence after the deceased ancestor. The research aimed to investigate the material and emotional significance of a death of a close male adult relative. It also aimed to explore how the death and funeral of a close relative impacts on the family identities, caring relations and responsibilities. Very few studies have explored the funeral responsibilities of the family in Igbo land and Senegal, which this study sought to address. A diverse sample of thirty families’ interviews were conducted and semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 15 local and religious leaders, non-governmental organizations on social protection at national level. The largest number of interviewees had lost a husband or father. Most of these relatives had died in middle or older age. Igbo and Senegal traditional funeral rites are based on what kind of death a person had, and to the status that the person had on earth.

ECHICHE NDỊ IGBO BANYERE IME MKPUKE NA BEBI MAMA NA NDỤ ỤMỤ AGBỌGHỌ: NZIPỤTA HA N’AGỤMAGỤ OBIECHINA NA ONYE KPAA NKỤ AHỤHỤ

Chioma C. Anagor — 2024-02-20

Ụmịedemede
Ime ọkwa abụghị okwu ọhụụ na ntị ndị mmadụ n’oge a ka ọ dị n’oge gboo n’ihi na ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ jizi ya mere akaọrụ na ụzọ ha si akapụ ụmụ nwoke ejideghị onwe ha ego n’aka. N’oge gboo, nwa agbọghọ ịtụta ime n’ụlọ nna ya bụ ajọ agwa ma bụrụ otu ihe na-ewetara ezinaụlọ ọbụla ajọ aha ma na-ebutere ụmụaka nwaanyị ndị ọzọ nọ n’ezinaụlọ ahụ mkpọchuihu mana n’oge a, mmepe obodo na njepụ agbanweela ọtụtụ ihe na nkwenye, omenala na obibindụ ndị Igbo. Ọ dịghịkwa mgbarụihu ọhanaeze naezipụta naanị ihe e mere bụ na a gbanwere aha ya si na ikwu na nwa agbọghọ tụtara ime ọkwa baa ya “bebi mama”. Mgbanwe aha a mere ya ka ọ dị ka akaọrụ. Ihe ndị a kpaliri mmụọ nchọcha a ileba anya n’agụmagụ Obiechina na Onye Kpaa Nkụ Ahụhụ iji zipụta
ka ndị Igbo si egosipụta mgbaru ihu mgbe nwa agbọghọ tụtara ime be nne na nna ya ma zipụtakwa echiche ndị Igbo banyere ezinaụlọ nwata ahụ si na ya. Ederede a gbasoro usoro nkọwa ma were atụtụ saikoanalisis nke Sigmund Freud tụpụtara (1856-1939) iji mee ka isiokwu a doo anya. A chọpụtara na e nwekwara ụmụ agbọghọ na-akpacha anya tụrụ ime iji kechie nwoke ka ọ lụwa ha ma nwee ndị ọlụlụ abụghị nsogbu ha. Naanị ihe ha chọrọ bụ iji afọ ime napụtawa nwoke ego ha ji ebi ndụ ma na-elekọta ezinaụlọ ha anya nke mere na n’oge a, ha na-achọ nwoke kpatara ego maọbụ onye nwere ezi aha n’obodo ha ga-adịrị ime ma onye ahụ ọ lụọla nwaanyị ma ọ lụbeghị abụghị ihe gbasara ha. Naanị ka ha si n’ụzọ ahụ gbanarị ụbịam na ogbenye na ndụ ha. A hụkwara na ọ bụ ndị selebriti malitere akparamaagwa ọjọọ a wee kesaa ya n’akụkụ niile.

GENDER INEQUALITY IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICA: A SOCIO-RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE

Grace Ifeoma Otubah — 2024-02-20

Gender issues in our contemporary African culture have been in existence. The socio-religious and cultural effects of patriarchy on contemporary African Women (South Eastern Nigeria as a scope of the study) have been in existence. Women have been marginalized from the cultural, political, socio-economic and religious dimensions of African society. This paper discovered that gender issue starts from the family. In the family, a male child is being celebrated and handled as being precious and tender over the girl child. The male child is groomed in such a way that he has domineering power over the girl child. This domineering power of male over female make our females depend more on men without thinking and finding a way of developing themselves. However, in our contemporary culture, family and friends make mockery of a man who has only female children, even the female children are being deprived of sharing
in their father’s inheritance/property. The recent government approval of right for females to share in their family inheritance, is not working in most areas in Africa, especially in the remote areas. This research discovered that lack of inadequate education, information and religious belief promotes gender disparity in Africa which greatly affects women. This research recommended that women be empowered, enlightened and handle with care as with their male counterpart.

TOURISM AND ENTERTAINMENT: PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS

Alozie Chioma — 2024-02-20

Tourism is the act and process of spending time away from home. It is purposely meant for recreation, relaxation, and pleasure. Tourism is about a temporary or shortterm movement away from the place where a person normally lives or works. Tourists intend to return home at the end of their visit. There are different types of tourism and these include; domestic tourism, which refers to the activities of a visitor within their country of residence and outside of their home; inbound tourism which refers to the activities of a visitor from outside of country of residence. There are also different components of tourism as can be seen in transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, recreation and entertainment, and travel services. Entertainment is any form
of activity that holds the attention and interest of people and can also provide pleasure and delight. Entertainment consists of performances of plays and films, and activities such as reading and watching television, that give people their desired pleasure. Tourism and entertainment seems to be the same but one gives rise to the other. When it comes to the health of the people, tourism and entertainment play an important role as can be seen in there and health psychological effects. With the emergence of COVID-19, tourism and entertainment helped a lot of people improve their mood, relieve mental fatigue and stress with so many mental health benefits. They also aided in fostering good relation. It is recommended that away from the rigorous activities of life which could lead to depression, people should once in a while spend time away from home which tourism and entertainment offers.

DEVALUATION AGAINST IGBO GIRL CHILD: A CHALLENGE TO SOME FAMILIES

Esther Ogochukwu Akpulu — 2024-02-20

It is obvious that most African societies including Igbo operate patriarchal system of male headship and female subordination in social and cultural values, hence, male headship and women subordination is both social, religious and cultural values among African societies. Since values define the position and role of sexes among the Igbo, they equally pose serious challenges to some families who cannot fill the gaps created in their homes by unavailability or incapability of available male children to perform some task. Availability of female children in such families makes no difference as opportunities are denied them merely because of their sex. The inefficiency on the male side most often make the parents to wish the sex can be switched. The objectives of this study are: to highlight the resultant effects of devaluation against the Igbo girl child in some families, to reveal continued segregation and gender bias among the Igbo society despite enlightenment and development level and to proffer solutions to remedy the situation. Again this work is to discourage women hyper-subordination in social and cultural values especially in this twenty-first century. Gender inequality theory is used. The study is expository and survey research. The research used literature materials and interviews posed to some individuals to source data. Among the findings of this work is that gender inequality is merely a socio-cultural construct. It is advised that equal
values should be placed on both male and female children as this would help to harness the natural capabilities of every child irrespective of the gender.