Comparative Proximate Composition of Leaves and Stems of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus altilis, and Artocarpus camansi

Abstract

This study compared the proximate and mineral compositions of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus altilis, and Artocarpus camansi. Fresh leaf and stem samples were collected from Aguluezechukwu, Anambra State, Nigeria, and authenticated by a plant taxonomist. Proximate analyses were conducted using standard AOAC (2016) methods for moisture, crude protein, ash, crude fibre, fat, carbohydrate, and dry matter determination. Mineral composition was assessed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry following acid digestion. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% significance level. Results revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) in most proximate parameters among the three species, although variations in mean values were observed. Artocarpus altilis exhibited comparatively higher fibre, carbohydrate, and ash contents, while A. camansi showed slightly higher moisture and fat contents in some parameters. Mineral analysis indicated that leaves generally contained higher concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium, whereas stems showed relatively higher magnesium levels. In conclusion, while these Artocarpus species share similar proximate profiles, their distinct mineral distributions highlight their specific nutritional value, suggesting they are viable resources for dietary supplementation and therapeutic applications in Nigeria.