Journal of Research in Industrial Technology and Educational Studies
type: channel
description: JRITES is a peer-reviewed journal based in the Department of Industrial Technology Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. JRITES is a nexus of research, innovation, and practice—providing a dynamic platform for scholars, educators, and industry experts to investigate new developments in industrial technology and education.
language: en
publication name: Journal of Research in Industrial Technology and Educational Studies
issn: 3122-0436
items: Determination of Causes of Adolescent Restiveness and National Security in Northwest Nigeria
items: Emergence of Professionalism in Apprenticeship system for Motor Mechanic Work in Technology and Vocational Education and Training Institution
items: Assessing the Internal Consistency of Process Rating Scale for Fault Diagnoses and Repairs in Diesel Engine Maintenance Practice in Technical and Vocational Institutions in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
items: Extent of Utilization of New Technological Skills by Auto-Mechanics Teachers for Teaching in Auto-Mechanics Trade in Technical Colleges in South East States, Nigeria
items: Psychological Strategies for Addressing Youth Restiveness, National Insecurity, and Promoting Sustainable Youth Development in North-West Nigeria
items: Effects of Concept Mapping Instructional Strategy on Students’ Academic Achievement in Building Drawing in Technical Colleges in Rivers State
items: University-Industry Collaboration in Innovation: Extent of Students’ Engagement in South East, Nigeria
items: Development and Validation of a Process Skill Rating Scale for Assessing Practical Competencies in Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work in Technical Colleges in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
items: Assessing the Efficacy of a Self-Developed Guide for Repair and Maintenance of Selected Domestic Electrical Appliances by Technical College Students in Akwa Ibom State
items: Availability and Adequacy of Curriculum Resources for Mechanical Trade Instruction: A Study on Technical Colleges in Anambra State, Nigeria
items: Causes, Consequences and Counselling Strategies for Managing Lateness among Secondary School Students in Awka Education Zone, Anambra State
items: Enhancing Entrepreneurial and Employability Skills through Work-Integrated Learning in Mechanical Technology Education for Achieving SDG 4 in South-South Nigeria
items: Digital Literacy as A Predictors of Agricultural Educator’s Effective Instructional Delivery in Colleges of Education in Northeast Nigeria
items: Development and Validation of Framework for Revitalization of Construction Crafts Apprenticeship Programmes
items: Effect of 4MAT Learning Strategy on Students’ Performance in Animal and Crop Breeding in North-East Nigerian Universities
items: Gender Differences in Academic Performance of University Library and Information Science Students in Information Retrieval Course (2020-2025): An Ex-post Facto Study
items: Relationship Between Immersive Learning and Proficiency Level in Machine Operations Among Technology Education Students in Higher Institutions in Anambra State
items: Emerging Maintenance Competencies Needs for Improved Automobile Enterprises by Motor Vehicle Mechanics in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
items: Institutional Policies Affecting Needs-Driven Research in Automobile Engineering and Technology in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
items: Development and Implementation of Evaluation Rubric on Electronics Practical Skills in TVET Programme for Industrial Relevance
items: Inclusive TVET: Strategies for Empowering Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Building Technology Skills
items: 21st Century Skill Acquisition for Career Readiness of Business Education Undergraduates of Public Universities in Anambra State
items: Revitalizing Local Manufacturing through Sustainable Energy Solutions
items: Utilization of Web Based Research Management Applications for Research by Postgraduate Students of Business Education in South East, Nigeria
items: Design and Construction of a 1.2KVA Fuel-less Generator
items: Integration of Geographic Information System in Technical and Vocational Education and Training: The Impact on Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
items: Impediments to Acquisition of Building Drawing Skills by Undergraduate Technology Education Students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University
items: Sustainable Manufacturing Practices Adopted by Selected Manufacturing Firms for Sustainable Development in South-East Nigeria
items: Effects of Constructivist Instructional Approach on Woodwork Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Government Technical Colleges in Kano State, Nigeria
items: Teachers’ Skills in the Improvisation of Instructional Materials for Teaching Computer Studies in Junior Secondary School

Determination of Causes of Adolescent Restiveness and National Security in Northwest Nigeria
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description: This study analyzes the causes of adolescent restiveness in North-West, Nigeria. The objectives were to identify these causes, analyze the implications of youth restiveness, and determine the challenges hindering the adoption of mitigation strategies in the region. An ex-post facto research design was adopted. The study's population comprised 25,139,426 youths living in North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample size of 384 respondents using a simple random sampling procedure. Primary data were gathered through structured questionnaires with a Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that major causes of adolescent restiveness include negative psychological effects and insufficient access to basic needs. The implications of youth restiveness encompass the intensification of teenage criminal activities and the development of psychosomatic trauma. Challenges hindering the adoption of mitigation strategies include a lack of awareness regarding the importance of youth, deprived governance and negligence, and corruption in youth selection processes. The study recommended, among other things, that the government, in collaboration with philanthropists and other community stakeholders, should prioritize providing effective solutions to the root causes. Media programs and other stakeholders should organize consistent and regular sensitization programs. Government agencies and other stakeholders should collaborate to provide lasting resolutions to these challenges by introducing psychological and practical strategies to curb dissatisfaction.
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creator: Maiwada, R. A.
creator: Giginyu, A. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 152
ending page: 162

Emergence of Professionalism in Apprenticeship system for Motor Mechanic Work in Technology and Vocational Education and Training Institution
type: item
description: This paper examined the emergence of professionalism in the apprenticeship system for motor mechanic work within the context of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Nigeria. For decades, motor mechanic training in Nigeria has been largely informal, producing what are commonly referred to as "roadside mechanics" that operate through trial and error, lacking the scientific knowledge and modern diagnostic skills required for today's technologically advanced vehicles. The authors argue that this approach has become a financial trap for vehicle owners and a barrier to national industrial development. Drawing on the concept of work-integrated learning and degree apprenticeship models from advanced economies, the paper proposes that professionalism in motor mechanic work can only be achieved through a formalized, institution-based training system – one that mirrors the teaching hospital model used in medical education. This means training apprentices using live and dummy vehicles under the supervision of experienced professionals within an environment that replicates actual workshop conditions. A descriptive survey was conducted at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, involving 154 respondents including academic engineers, industry-based engineers, technologists, and lecturers. Using a 77-item questionnaire adapted from Hong Kong's automotive competency standards, the study found strong consensus among all respondent groups on the objectives for establishing a Service Station Mechanic Work centre. Notably, industry-based engineers showed significantly higher agreement than their academic counterparts, indicating that those working directly in the field most urgently recognise the need for change. The findings carry important implications for TVET policy in Nigeria. Unless universities and government commit to establishing properly equipped training institutes that reflect global best practices, the current cycle of unskilled mechanics causing …
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creator: Odogwu, I. C.
creator: Okeke, B. C.
creator: Okorafor, A. O.
creator: Chukwuedo, S. O.
creator: Agbo, N. M.
creator: Ile, C. M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 142
ending page: 151

Assessing the Internal Consistency of Process Rating Scale for Fault Diagnoses and Repairs in Diesel Engine Maintenance Practice in Technical and Vocational Institutions in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
type: item
description: The study focused on the internal consistency of developed test for assessing technical vocational education and training students in motor vehicle mechanic work: diesel engine maintenance. The study adopted instrumentation design. It was carried out in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprises of 64 motor vehicle mechanic work students. The instrument for data collection was the process skill rating scale test items consist of 45 (items) in service station mechanic work and diesel engine maintenance, they were found to be appropriate and internally consistent for inclusion. These items were developed using a task analysis questionnaire and were rated and validated by 3 experts in the study area. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. The internal consistency reliability coefficient is 0.87 and 0.88, with an overall index of 0.88 indicating a very high reliability, thus making them to be appropriate for inclusion for practical skills test. Mean scores were used to answer the research question, with ratings of 3.5 and above considered suitable for inclusion with Criterion value of (r ≥ 0.30). The findings revealed that all the developed service station mechanic work and diesel engine maintenance process skill rating scale instrument, possessed high reliability coefficients when considered using both the pairing and the grouping of the assessors using Kendall coefficient of concordance Tau (W). Thus, none of the items in each of the programme was dropped. Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that the examination bodies in charge of conducting examinations for the vocational and technical colleges such as NBTE and NABTEB should integrate the process skill test items in their examination for certification of students in motor vehicle mechanic work at NTC level. It was also recommended that the developed process skill rating scale test items should be adopted by the Natio…
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creator: Poripo, J.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 132
ending page: 141

Extent of Utilization of New Technological Skills by Auto-Mechanics Teachers for Teaching in Auto-Mechanics Trade in Technical Colleges in South East States, Nigeria
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description: This study was conducted to determine the extent of utilization of new technological skills by auto-mechanics teachers for teaching auto-mechanics trade in technical colleges in Southeast States, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses and adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprises 130 respondents, this includes 30 auto-mechanics trade teachers in Abia, 29 in Anambra, 19 in Ebonyi, 27 in Enugu and 25 in Imo States from all the Technical Colleges offering auto-mechanics trade in Southeast States. Due to the manageable size of the population, no sampling technique was employed. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher titled “Extent of Utilization of New Technological Skills by Auto-Mechanics Teachers Questionnaire” (EUNTSAMTQ)” The instrument was face-validated by three research experts; two experts from the Department of Industrial Technology Education, Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education and one expert from the Measurement and Evaluation unit of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education. The reliability of the instrument was established through pilot study and data computed and analyzed using Cronbach Alpha coefficient using Statistical Package for Social Science, (SPSS), which gave an index of .74. The two research questions raised were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses formulated were tested at .05 level of significance and appropriate degrees of freedom using t-test. Based on the findings, the study showed among others that on-board detection diagnostic system skills are moderately utilized by auto-mechanics teachers for teaching auto-mechanics trade in technical colleges in Southeast States. Based on the hypothesis, there is no statistically significant difference in the mean ratings between experienced (6 and above years) and less experienced (0-5 years) auto-mechanic teachers on the ext…
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creator: Aja, C. E.
creator: Nnajiofor, F. N.
creator: Onyebuenyi, P. N.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 123
ending page: 131

Psychological Strategies for Addressing Youth Restiveness, National Insecurity, and Promoting Sustainable Youth Development in North-West Nigeria
type: item
description: This study evaluated psychological strategies for addressing youth restiveness and national insecurity while promoting sustainable youth development in North-West Nigeria. The primary objectives were to examine the impact of psychological interventions on national security, identify effective strategies for mitigating youth restiveness, and evaluate approaches for fostering youth involvement in national development. Utilizing an ex-post facto research design, the study targeted a population of 25,139,426 youths residing in North-West Nigeria. Data were collected from a representative sample of 384 respondents through structured questionnaires, utilizing a simple random sampling procedure, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that psychological interventions are critical in addressing national insecurity, as failing to implement them can perpetuate socio-economic instability and undermine national defense. Regarding youth restiveness, the results highlight the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the implementation of mindfulness practices. Furthermore, the study identifies sound education and the promotion of good governance as pivotal psychological strategies for encouraging meaningful youth participation in national security and sustainable development. The study recommends that youth leaders, community stakeholders, and government bodies collaborate to cultivate a culture of patriotism and national security. It further suggests that educationists and community development practitioners work in synergy with policymakers to ensure the effective adoption and integration of these psychological strategies within the North-West geopolitical zone.
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creator: Maiwada, R. A.
creator: Giginyu, A. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 111
ending page: 122

Effects of Concept Mapping Instructional Strategy on Students’ Academic Achievement in Building Drawing in Technical Colleges in Rivers State
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description: This study investigated the effect of concept mapping instructional strategy on students’ academic achievement in building drawing in technical colleges in Rivers State. Specifically, this work sought to determine the effect of concept mapping instructional strategy on academic achievement mean scores of students in building drawing and the effect of concept mapping instructional strategy on academic achievement mean scores of male students in building drawing. A quasi-experimental design guided the study. The population for this study consisted of 228 (202 male and 26 female) level II building technology students offering building drawing in the five technical colleges in Rivers State. Multistage sampling was used in selecting 104 level II building technology students for the study. Two objectives, research questions and hypotheses were formulated, answered and tested at .05 level of significance. The instrument for data collection was Basic Design Process Achievement Test developed by the researcher. The instruments were subjected to face and content validity by three experts from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. The reliability of the instruments was established using Kuder Richardson Formula 20. The coefficient of the reliability obtained for equivalent test was .86. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while z-test statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study showed that experimental group taught with concept mapping performed better than the control group taught with conventional method. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the effect of concept mapping instructional strategy on academic achievement mean scores of students in building drawing when compared with students taught using conventional instructional strategy. Therefore, it was recommended among others that concept mapping instructional strategy should be included in the National Teachers Certific…
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creator: Ibeneme, O. T.
creator: Ogubio, H. R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 103
ending page: 110

University-Industry Collaboration in Innovation: Extent of Students’ Engagement in South East, Nigeria
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description: Following the observed low employability skills among Nigerian graduates, the need to assess the extent of engagement of the students in the labour needed skills becomes important. This study therefore focused on university-industry collaboration in innovation and the extent to which students are engaged in Nigeria. The study was delimited to Federal and State universities; all registered automobile production companies in South East, Nigeria. Five research questions guided the study while three hypotheses were tested. The study adopted descriptive survey design. A total of 333 participants were studied. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in selecting respondents for the study. First, purposive sampling was used to select universities and automobile industries known to have existing collaboration arrangements. Second, stratified sampling was applied to categorize respondents into three strata: students, university staff, and industry personnel. Finally, simple random sampling was used within each stratum to select participants proportionately. The primary instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was structured using a 5-point Likert scale to measure respondents’ perceptions. The questionnaire was reviewed by three experts each from educational management, industrial technology education and automobile industries. A pilot study was conducted using a small sample of respondents from Delta State University Abraka and God is Good auto industries respectively. Data obtained from the pilot test were analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha to a reliability coefficient of 0.70, 80, 72, 74 and 81 and were considered acceptable for the study. Questionnaires were administered physically and electronically and data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that the …
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creator: James Akal-karali Obineche
creator: Marycynthia Chetachukwu Obineche
creator: Peter I. Okoye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 93
ending page: 102

Development and Validation of a Process Skill Rating Scale for Assessing Practical Competencies in Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work in Technical Colleges in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examined the internal consistency of a developed practical skills assessment instrument designed for TVET students in fault diagnoses and repairs in petrol engine maintenance in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. An instrumentation research design was employed for the study, which was conducted in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 72 students offering Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work from three technical colleges. Data were collected using a Process Skill Rating Scale containing 32 test items related to Service Station Mechanic Work. and petrol engine maintenance. The items were developed through a task analysis questionnaire and subsequently subjected to expert review and validation by three experts. Findings revealed that all 32 process skill test items were appropriate for assessing practical competencies and demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. The instrument achieved a reliability coefficient of 0.87, indicating strong reliability and confirming its suitability for inclusion in practical skills assessment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the National Business and Technical Examinations Board (NABTEB) integrate the developed process skill test items into its certification examinations for students of Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work at the National Technical Certificate (NTC) level. The study further recommended that the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and the National Examinations Council (NECO) adopt the Process Skill Rating Scale as an assessment tool for evaluating practical competencies in Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work and Automobile Technology programmes in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
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creator: Jacob
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 82
ending page: 92

Assessing the Efficacy of a Self-Developed Guide for Repair and Maintenance of Selected Domestic Electrical Appliances by Technical College Students in Akwa Ibom State
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description: This study assessed the efficacy of a self-developed guide for repair and maintenance of selected domestic electrical appliances by Technical College students in Akwa Ibom state. Three specific purposes, three research questions and one null hypothesis were postulated to guide the conduct of the study. The non-randomized pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. The population consisted of all 1,724 TC II students in Government Technical College Ewet, Uyo Local Government Area, 19 Technical College teachers with major in electrical /electronics and all the eight lecturers in Industrial Technology Education Department in University of Uyo. A 29 item researcher-developed instrument titled “Self-Help Guide for Repair and Maintenance of Domestic Electrical Appliances Questionnaire”, Practical instructional tasks and practical checklist developed by the researcher were used to elicit data for the study. The instruments were validated by three experts, two from Industrial Technology Education Department, University of Uyo and one from Government Technical College Ewet, Uyo. A reliability index of 0.88 was obtained using the Cronbach’s Alpha procedure. The instrument were administered and data collected in-situ. The data obtained were analysed using mean values to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed 15 safety precautions and 14 tools for carrying out repair and maintenance of domestic electrical appliances. The study also revealed a significant difference in performance among students who used and those who did not use the self-help guide for practical repair and maintenance during the experiment. It was recommended that the self-help guide be adopted for teaching and learning practical skills in technical colleges and vocational institutions. Also, that workshops and seminars should be organized by the Nation…
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creator: Gangkwi, J. H.
creator: Kanu, M. C.
creator: Mamuda, T.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 73
ending page: 81

Availability and Adequacy of Curriculum Resources for Mechanical Trade Instruction: A Study on Technical Colleges in Anambra State, Nigeria
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description: The research is aimed at examining the availability and adequacy of curriculum resources for the instructional delivery of mechanical trade students in technical colleges in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study provides empirical evidence on the current state of human and material/physical resources available and their adequacy for teaching mechanical trade students in both federal and state technical colleges in Anambra State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study was guided by one research question, and one corresponding null hypothesis was tested. The target population comprised four technical staff, consisting of two-unit head technical teachers and two technicians, drawn from one federal and one state technical college that have been officially accredited by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) to offer Mechanical trade programme in Anambra State, Nigeria. A census approach was adopted; hence, no sampling procedure was used. The instrument for data collection was a 228- item observational checklist titled “Availability and Adequacy of Curriculum Resources for Mechanical Trade Instruction Questionnaire (AACRMTIQ)”. The instrument was developed using the NBTE minimum standard benchmark, which outlines the required human and material resources for effective instructional delivery of technical education in Nigeria. Since the NBTE benchmark was a standardized and officially approved instruction for accreditation, no further validity and reliability tests were conducted. Percentage was used to answer research question, while chi-square was used to test the null hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the curriculum resources for the instructional delivery of Mechanical trade students in both federal and state technical colleges were inadequately available, hence were below NBTE standards. The study concluded that adequate provision of curriculum resources will enable…
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creator: Cheta
creator: Akudolu
creator: James
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 56
ending page: 72

Causes, Consequences and Counselling Strategies for Managing Lateness among Secondary School Students in Awka Education Zone, Anambra State
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description: Lateness to school among secondary school students has become a persistent behavioural challenge affecting academic performance, classroom management, and school discipline in Nigeria, particularly in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State. This study investigated the causes, consequences and counselling strategies for managing secondary school students' lateness to school in Awka Education Zone of Anambra State. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The study population comprised all 65 school counsellors in public secondary schools across the five Local Government Areas in Awka Education Zone; including Awka North, Awka South, Aniocha, Njikoka and Dunukofia. Census sampling was adopted and all 65 counsellors served as the study sample. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire validated by experts in Educational Psychology and Guidance and Counselling. Reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha with acceptable coefficient of 0.78. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that lateness is caused by poor parental supervision, peer influence, distance to school, weak self-discipline, environmental challenges, and lack of motivation. The consequences include poor academic performance, disruption of classroom instruction, indiscipline, reduced instructional time, and strained teacher student relationships. Counselling strategies such as self-management techniques, behavioural modification, group counselling, and parental involvement were found effective in managing lateness. The study concludes that lateness is a multi-dimensional behavioural problem requiring integrated counselling and school-based interventions. It recommends strengthening school counselling services and adopting behavioural intervention programmes in secondary schools.
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creator: Francisca
creator: Gloria
creator: ilo
creator: Chioma
creator: IJ
creator: Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 45
ending page: 55

Enhancing Entrepreneurial and Employability Skills through Work-Integrated Learning in Mechanical Technology Education for Achieving SDG 4 in South-South Nigeria
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description: A descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population comprised lecturers and industrial staff from selected universities and industries in Nigeria. A sample of 120 respondents was selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Work-Integrated Learning and Entrepreneurial Skills Development Questionnaire (WILESDQ). The instrument was validated by experts in Industrial Technology Education and Measurement and Evaluation department, and a reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha.The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics. The findings revealed that Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) significantly enhances entrepreneurial and employability skills such as technical competence, problem-solving ability, innovation, and business management skills among students. The study further revealed that increased funding for WIL programmes, training and retraining of lecturers and industrial supervisors, exposure of students to modern technologies and digital tools, provision of modern workshop facilities and equipment, strong collaboration between industries and educational institutions, and regular supervision and monitoring of students during industrial training are important strategies for improving skill acquisition. In addition, periodic review of the curriculum to align with industry needs, as well as organizing workshops, seminars, and industry-based training programmes, were identified as effective strategies for enhancing students’ employability and entrepreneurial skills. The study concluded that strengthening Work-Integrated Learning programmes is essential for improving graduate employability and promoting entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The study recommends stronger university–industry partnerships, improved funding for technical education, and the integration of entrepreneurship training into I…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Chiemeke
creator: Kanu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 33
ending page: 44

Digital Literacy as A Predictors of Agricultural Educator’s Effective Instructional Delivery in Colleges of Education in Northeast Nigeria
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description: The study investigated digital literacy as predictors of agricultural educators' effective instructional delivery in Colleges of Education in Northeast Nigeria. The study was guided by two objectives and two null hypotheses. Correlation survey research design was used for this study. The target population for this study was 213 agricultural educators drawn from 12 Colleges of Education in Northeast. A census sampling technique was adopted for the study. The instruments for data collection were researcher-developed structured questionnaires. The instruments demonstrated strong content validity and high reliability, with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of 0.853 and 0.758, respectively. The study revealed that photo-visual digital literacy and reproduction digital literacy are significantly determinants of Agricultural Educators instructional delivery.​ The study concludes that comprehensive digital literacy development across multiple dimensions is critical for enhancing agricultural educators' instructional delivery in Northeast Nigeria. The study concludes that comprehensive digital literacy development across multiple dimensions is critical for enhancing agricultural educators' instructional delivery in Northeast Nigeria. It was recommended that institutions implement targeted training programs prioritizing high-impact components like basic computer, reproduction, and socio-emotional literacy while providing technical support to address the low skill gap.​
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creator: Sani
creator: Umar
creator: Hassana
creator: Mathias
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 21
ending page: 32

Development and Validation of Framework for Revitalization of Construction Crafts Apprenticeship Programmes
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description: The construction industry in Nigeria is facing issues related to shortage of skilled craftsmen due to the progressive decline of traditional apprenticeship programmes. Despite their historical effectiveness in producing competent craftsmen through workplace-based, master-apprentice learning, construction crafts apprenticeships have deteriorated over recent decades. This study addresses this challenge by developing and validating a framework for the revitalization of construction crafts apprenticeship programmes. The proposed framework adopts a multi-level, systems-oriented approach structured around four interdependent pillars: (1) Policy and Regulatory Foundation, (2) Institutional and Partnership Architecture, (3) Curriculum and Delivery System, and (4) Support and Inclusivity Mechanisms. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was employed, comprising systematic literature review, semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis, expert validation through a modified Delphi technique and stakeholder applicability workshops. High consensus was achieved among diverse experts and stakeholders, confirming the framework’s relevance, completeness, feasibility, and cultural appropriateness for the Nigerian milieu. The validated framework offers a robust and practically oriented blueprint for rebuilding sustainable, high-quality apprenticeship systems that preserve the strengths of traditional workplace engagement while incorporating structured quality assurance, inclusivity measures, and responsiveness to contemporary demands such as sustainable construction and digital competencies.
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creator: Auta, M. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 9
ending page: 20

Effect of 4MAT Learning Strategy on Students’ Performance in Animal and Crop Breeding in North-East Nigerian Universities
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description: This study investigated the effectiveness of the 4MAT learning strategy on the academic performance of agricultural education students in animals and crops breeding in North-East Nigerian universities. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design involving 106 of 300-level undergraduate students from two purposively selected universities. Data were collected using the Animals and Crops Breeding Cognitive Performance Test (ACBCPT). Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine differences between the experimental 4MAT group and the control group taught using conventional methods. The study found that the 4MAT learning strategy significantly improved students’ academic performance in the post-test, while pre-test scores showed no significant difference, indicating equivalence at the baseline. The instruments used were valid and reliable, with Cronbach alpha coefficients above the recommended thresholds. The findings suggest that learner-centered, innovative teaching strategies enhance understanding, engagement, and mastery of complex agricultural concepts.
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creator: Barka
creator: Abubakar
creator: Maryam
creator: Victor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Gender Differences in Academic Performance of University Library and Information Science Students in Information Retrieval Course (2020-2025): An Ex-post Facto Study
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description: This study investigated gender-based differences in academic performance of university library and information science students in information retrieval course at Bayero University, Kano from 2020–2025. The specific objectives of the study were to determine gender distribution, compare mean performance, and test for statistical significance in achievement. Adopting an Ex-post Facto research design, the study utilized a census of 398 students (295 males, 103 females). Data were extracted from official departmental result sheets and analyzed using descriptive statistics and an Independent Samples T-test via SPSS. Findings revealed a male-dominated enrollment (74.1%), though female participation grew steadily to 32.8% by 2025. Descriptively, female students achieved a higher mean score (55.36) compared to males (51.37). The inferential analysis yielded a p-value of .008, indicating a statistically significant difference in favor of female students. These results challenge traditional stereotypes suggesting male superiority in technical ICT disciplines. The study concludes that while males dominate numerically, females demonstrate higher academic proficiency in technical IR competencies. The study recommended that include implementing outreach programs to encourage female enrollment in LIS, transitioning toward more practical-based laboratory sessions to elevate overall grade averages, and fostering gender-mixed peer support systems to enhance collaborative technical learning.
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creator: Auwalu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 89
ending page: 93

Relationship Between Immersive Learning and Proficiency Level in Machine Operations Among Technology Education Students in Higher Institutions in Anambra State
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description: This study examined the relationship between immersive learning and proficiency level in machine operations among technology education students in higher institutions in Anambra State. This study adopted a correlational survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 253 Mechanical Technology Education Students in Anambra State. A sample size of 155 students using simple random sampling technique was obtained. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated by three experts with the reliability Coefficients of 0.71 and 0.81 respectively, established using Cronbach alpha’s method. Data collected were analyzed using inferential statistics. Specifically, the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to answer the two research questions. The findings of the study revealed a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.395) between the use of Virtual Reality (VR) simulations and proficiency in machine operations and a strong positive relationship (r = 0.656) between the use of Augmented Reality (AR) tools and proficiency in machine operations among Technology Education students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that universities should integrate both VR and AR tools into Technology Education curricula, with particular emphasis on AR due to its stronger influence on proficiency in machine operations.
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creator: Ogunmola
creator: Chigbata
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
starting page: 84
ending page: 88

Emerging Maintenance Competencies Needs for Improved Automobile Enterprises by Motor Vehicle Mechanics in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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description: This study aimed to determine the Emerging Maintenance Competencies Needed for Improve Automobile Enterprises by Motor Vehicle Mechanics in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study was guided with two purposes, two research questions, and two null hypotheses. A descriptive research design was adopted. The population of the study includes 140 master craftsmen (motor vehicle mechanics) and 14 automobile industrial technicians were used for the study, making a total population of 154 respondents. A simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Automobile Enterprises Emerging Maintenance Competencies Questionnaire (AEEMCQ). The instrument was adapted by the researcher and validated by three experts. The reliability coefficient of the instrument were 0.86 and 0.84 with reliability index of 0.85, established using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 23, while mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and t-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed among others that all identified emerging maintenance competencies related to the fuel system were rated as highly needed with a grand mean of 3.52. Similarly, all emerging maintenance competencies related to the transmission system were also rated as highly needed by motor vehicle mechanics for establishing automobile enterprises in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State with a grand mean of 3.52. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that National Automotive Design and Development Council (NADDC), in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Labour and Productivity, integrate these competencies into training programs for motor mechanics.
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creator: Poripo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 86
ending page: 95

Institutional Policies Affecting Needs-Driven Research in Automobile Engineering and Technology in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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description: The study investigated institutional policies that affects needs-driven research in Automobile Engineering and Technology in Bayelsa State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study was guided by two purposes, two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study at 0.05 level of significant. The population of the study consists of 64 lecturers from 4 Higher Institutions in Bayelsa State. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on five-point rating scale with a total of 32 items. The questionnaire was validated by three experts to ensure its content validity. To establish reliability of the instrument, the Cronbach Alpha test was used and the reliability coefficients was 0.82, indicating that the instrument was highly reliable. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answered the research questions. The findings revealed, among other things, that, misalignment of research objectives with societal and industrial demands and bureaucratic inefficiencies were significant barriers hindering needs-driven research in automobile engineering and technology in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the government should establish national research priorities that align with industry and academia across institutions.
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creator: Poripo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 74
ending page: 85

Development and Implementation of Evaluation Rubric on Electronics Practical Skills in TVET Programme for Industrial Relevance
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description: The study determined the needed techniques on the development and implementation of evaluation rubrics on electronics practical skills in TVET programme for industrial relevance- construction and testing of single stage transistor amplifier circuit. The study answered three research questions and two hypotheses. Descriptive survey was adopted to carry out the research in Imo State. The population of study was 45 respondents, comprising of 26 Electronics Education Lecturers and 19 Electronics Engineering Technology Lecturers from high institutions in the State. There was no sampling due to smallness of the population, an intact population was used. A 23 – item questionnaire titled, ‘Development and Implementation of Evaluation Rubrics on the, ‘Construction and Testing of a Single Stage Transistor Amplifier Circuit’(DIER-AMP) was used for data collection; which was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was 0.81 established using Cronbach Alpha. The questionnaire items were generated from the review of the related literature. Out of 45 questionnaires administered, 44 of them were returned. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using Z-test. Mean of 3.50 or above was considered for the agreed items. Result of study revealed 5 agreed considerations, 8-items were the agreed process skills evaluation rubric; 8- items were the agreed product-skills evaluation rubric. Consequently, it was recommended that, electronic components, materials, tools and instruments should be provided in the workshop for learning practical skills and 50% of assessment in exam questions for each level in electronics should be based on practical. Collaboration should exist with experts from electronics industries in the teaching and evaluation of students to meet the expected standard among others.
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creator: Fidelia
creator: Okoye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
starting page: 74
ending page: 83

Inclusive TVET: Strategies for Empowering Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Building Technology Skills
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description: This study examined inclusive Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as a strategy for empowering Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) by enhancing their access to skills development, employability, and social participation. Basically, the study explored the significance of inclusive TVET, identified effective strategies for participation, and determined challenges hindering implementation. A descriptive survey design was adopted, focusing on stakeholders at the Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, Delta State. The sample comprised 10 instructors and 30 learners with various disabilities selected through purposive and accidental sampling. Data were collected using a validated researcher-designed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.78. Findings revealed that inclusive TVET significantly supports PWDs in developing employable skills, improving self-confidence, promoting economic independence, enhancing social integration, and contributing to national development. However, results indicated that inclusive TVET does not automatically guarantee equal learning opportunities without deliberate accommodations. Key challenges included inadequate funding, shortage of trained instructors, negative societal attitudes, poor infrastructure, limited assistive materials, and weak policy implementation, while lack of awareness was not found to be a major barrier to enrolment. Effective strategies identified to addressing the challenges included provision of assistive technologies, instructor training in inclusive pedagogy, government funding, flexible curriculum design, disability-friendly infrastructure, public awareness initiatives, and collaboration with advocacy groups. The study concludes that inclusive TVET is a vital pathway for empowering PWDs but requires sustained policy commitment, institutional reforms, stakeholder collaboration, and targeted resource allocation to achieve meaningful and equitable outcomes.
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creator: Igbokwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
starting page: 66
ending page: 73

21st Century Skill Acquisition for Career Readiness of Business Education Undergraduates of Public Universities in Anambra State
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description: This study examined the 21st century skill acquisition and career readiness of business education undergraduates in public universities in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 120 final year business education undergraduates and data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The reliability coefficients were 0.76 for Cluster 1 and 0.84 for Cluster 2, yielding an overall reliability index of 0.80. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that digital literacy skills and communication skills significantly enhance career readiness. The study concludes that acquisition of 21st century skills is crucial for equipping undergraduates with the competencies required to meet workplace demands, adapt to technological changes and achieve career success. It is recommended that business education programmes integrate more digital literacy training, strengthen communication-oriented learning activities and promote creativity and innovation through practical-based instruction.
subject: Articles
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creator: Faith
creator: Chinwe
creator: Cornelius
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 59
ending page: 65

Revitalizing Local Manufacturing through Sustainable Energy Solutions
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description: Local manufacturing in developing and emerging economies faces persistent challenges due to high energy costs, unreliable electricity supply, and dependence on fossil fuel–based systems, which undermine productivity, competitiveness and industrial growth. This study investigates the role of sustainable energy solutions in revitalizing local manufacturing by integrating renewable energy technologies, hybrid and distributed generation, energy efficiency measures and digital energy management systems. A comprehensive review of smart manufacturing practices, retrofitting strategies and policy frameworks was conducted to assess their impact on operational efficiency, cost reduction and environmental performance. Evidence-based analysis indicates that sustainable energy adoption enhances industrial resilience, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, stabilizes energy supply, and improves manufacturing competitiveness, particularly for small- and medium-scale enterprises. Policy and institutional support, including regulatory incentives, public–private partnerships and innovative financing models, is critical for facilitating large-scale adoption. The study concludes that sustainable energy solutions provide a practical and strategic pathway for industrial revitalization while contributing to broader Sustainable Development Goals, including affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), industry innovation (SDG 9) and climate action (SDG 13). Future research should focus on empirical implementation studies, region-specific energy integration models and quantitative evaluation of socio-economic and environmental outcomes to guide scalable adoption in energy-constrained manufacturing ecosystems.
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creator: Sylvester
creator: Peter
creator: Nwaosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 49
ending page: 58

Utilization of Web Based Research Management Applications for Research by Postgraduate Students of Business Education in South East, Nigeria
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description: This study investigated the utilization of web-based research management applications by postgraduate students of Business Education in South-East Nigeria. One research question guided the study and one hypothesis was tested. A descriptive survey design was employed, covering the entire population of 141 postgraduate students from six public universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics at a 0.05 significance level. The results showed that students use web-based research management applications to a moderate extent. Further findings revealed that gender significantly affected usage, with male students using the tools more than female students, while age had no significant effect. The study concluded that postgraduate students of Business Education in South-East Nigeria utilize web-based research management applications to a moderate extent. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that administrators of universities and departments of Business Education should organize regular workshops and training sessions to improve postgraduate students’ awareness and competence in the use of web-based research management applications such as Mendeley, Zotero, and EndNote.
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creator: Ngozi
creator: Stella
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 42
ending page: 48

Design and Construction of a 1.2KVA Fuel-less Generator
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description: There have been problems with public power generation and distribution in Nigeria, and this has affected many Nigerians in one way or the other. Similarly, apart from health hazards, many deaths have been recorded as a result of use of diesel or fuel dependent generators, Additionally, the production of electrical power via solar energy is increasingly gaining more awareness, but the cost of its installation in residential buildings is not affordable by an average Nigeria. Hence, the need to design and construct a more environmental-friendly and less expensive generator for average Nigerians. This study therefore adds to electrical power generation to design and construct a 1.2KVA fuel-less generator. The study employed an experimental design approach following designs procedures for constructing generator. The construction employed some resources such as alternator, bridge rectifier, capacitor, stator winding. Having constructed the Fuel-less generator with an external solar power source, it shows that its performance evaluation is 1,200W (1.2KVA) Fuel-less generating set with a minimum time of six hours.
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creator: Julius
creator: Kelechi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 32
ending page: 41

Integration of Geographic Information System in Technical and Vocational Education and Training: The Impact on Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
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description: The rapid evolution of technology has emphasized the need for innovative approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), particularly in the context of youth employment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. This research explores the impact of the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into TVET program on Youth employment and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria. GIS technology with the use of ArcGIS, QGIS, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) performs various spatial analyses and digital mapping that solves different difficult environmental problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of GIS integration in TVET program on youth employment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Qualitative method of Research was adopted by: examining the current state of GIS implementation in Nigerian educational institutions and analyzing its effectiveness in aligning TVET outputs with labor market demands, and assess how GIS can facilitate entrepreneurial ventures among graduates. Result highlighted the Benefits, Impacts and Implementation Strategies of integration of GIS in TVET programs on Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship. The paper proposed strategic recommendations for policymakers, educational institutions, and stakeholders aimed at enhancing the GIS capacities within TVET frameworks to boost youth employment rates and foster entrepreneurial growth in Nigeria. Ultimately, this research underscores the transformative potential of GIS in revamping TVET systems, advocating for its adoption not merely as a technical tool, but as a catalyst for socio-economic development among Nigerian youth.
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creator: Juliet
creator: Vivian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 25
ending page: 31

Impediments to Acquisition of Building Drawing Skills by Undergraduate Technology Education Students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University
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description: The study determined facility, teacher's and student's impediments to the acquisition of building drawing skills by undergraduate technology education students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University. Three research questions guided the study. The population of the study was 52 students. Census sampling technique was used for the study due to relatively small size of the population. The instrument used for data collection was 15 item structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using Cronbach Alpha coefficient which gave 0.81. The researchers administered fifty-two copies of the questionnaire and retrieved the same number of copies after two weeks. Descriptive mean was used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed among others that inadequate building drawing textbooks, lack of student-teacher interaction during building drawing lectures, and class sessions tend to be boring owing to non-use real building drawing plans while teaching. It was concluded that technology education learning facility should be kept in good order, teachers provided with all the teaching resources with incentives and students should spent quality time in learning the course. The study recommends among others that teachers should develop a means of arousing and sustaining students' interest in learning building drawing skills while the students should embrace self-motivation in their efforts to comprehend and assimilate what they learnt.
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creator: Nwachukwu, C. C.
creator: Nwobi, F. C.
creator: Auta, M. A.
creator: Okoye, P. I.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 24

Sustainable Manufacturing Practices Adopted by Selected Manufacturing Firms for Sustainable Development in South-East Nigeria
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description: The study explored the extent sustainable manufacturing practices are adopted by selected manufacturing firms for sustainable development in South-East, Nigeria. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study and descriptive survey research design was adopted by the researchers. The population consisted of 186 managers and 742 employees of selected pharmaceutical, food and beverages and automobiles firms operating in South-East, Nigeria. A sample size of 387 (127 managers and 260 employees) of selected pharmaceutical, food and beverages and automobiles firms operating in South-East, Nigeria was selected for the study using Taro Yamane formula. The instrument for data collection was validated by three experts and the reliability was established using Cronbach alpha statistic which yielded a coefficient of 0.78. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Variance was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that manufacturing firms adopt sustainable manufacturing practices for sustainable development at a low extent in South-East, Nigeria. Furthermore, the outcome of the study revealed that staff of pharmaceutical, food and beverages and automobiles firms did not differ significantly in their mean ratings on extent to which sustainable manufacturing practices are adopted for sustainable development in South-East, Nigeria. The study concluded that manufacturing industries in South-East, Nigeria are not actively integrating sustainable manufacturing practices into their operations and positioning themselves for sustained success that aligns with global sustainability goals and regulatory standards. Among others, it was recommended that Federal, State and Local Government should strengthen the regulatory framework with clear guidelines, regular inspections, and stricter penalties for non-compliance in order to encourage manufacturing industries in Sout…
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creator: Wogu
creator: Igwe
creator: Nwankwo
creator: Elendu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 9
ending page: 17

Effects of Constructivist Instructional Approach on Woodwork Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Government Technical Colleges in Kano State, Nigeria
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description: The main purpose of this study was to investigate effect of constructivist instructional approach on woodwork students’ academic achievement and retention in government technical colleges in Kano state, Nigeria. The study adopted quasi-experimental research design in which intact classes were used. Two research questions were raised to guide the study, two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The sample size was 50 students selected from the two technical colleges in the state. The instrument used for data collection was Woodwork Achievement Test (WWAT) which was validated by three experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.71. Mean was used to answer the research questions while ANCOVA was used to test the null hypotheses. The study found that students in experimental group performed higher than those in control group with 17.18 mean differences. This implies that constructivist instructional approach is more effective than demonstration method in teaching woodwork. The study among others recommends that government and ministry of education should encourage the use of constructivist instructional approach in teaching woodwork trade in Government Technical Colleges in Kano State, Nigeria. National Board for Technical Education should consider reviewing its curriculum to incorporate constructivist method of teaching her programs.
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creator: Abubakar Saleh
creator: Christopher John
creator: Tukur Tafida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Teachers’ Skills in the Improvisation of Instructional Materials for Teaching Computer Studies in Junior Secondary School
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description: Improvisation can be an essential skill for teachers, especially in resource-constrained educational environments. The study investigated the skills of teachers in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State to improvise instructional materials for teaching when conventional resources are unavailable. Using a descriptive survey research design, the study sampled 102 teachers from 12 public Junior secondary schools. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire divided into sections addressing demographic information and the variable of interest. The instrument, validated by experts, achieved a reliability coefficient of 0.780 through Cronbach's Alpha. Mean and standard Deviation was used to answer research question 1, t-test was used to test hypothesis 1 and ANOVA was used to test Hypothesis 2. at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that teachers in the study area possess adequate improvisation skills, enabling them to adapt their teaching methods effectively in diverse situations. Teachers demonstrated the ability to create alternative instructional materials and found no variation in these skills based on gender, as male and female teachers exhibited similar proficiency levels in improvising teaching resources among others. Moreover, the study concluded that educational qualifications do not affect teachers' improvisation abilities. Teachers across various qualification levels were equally adept at creating instructional materials. This uniformity suggests that the ability to improvise is a skill that transcends formal qualifications.
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creator: Evbakoe Pedro Ikuereye
creator: Faith Enorense Eganbor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Research in Industrial Technology and Educational Studies
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08