ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS, RELIEF, PRECIPITATION FACTORS, AND SOIL EROSION PATTERNS IN MUBI NORTH AND MUBI SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Soil erosion remains a critical environmental and socio-economic challenge in Mubi North and Mubi South Local 
Government Areas (LGAs) of Adamawa State, Nigeria. This study assesses the relationships between geological 
formations, relief, precipitation factors, and soil erosion patterns to provide a comprehensive understanding of erosion 
dynamics in the region. The research integrates geospatial analysis, field surveys, and statistical modeling to evaluate 
soil erosion vulnerability. Findings reveal that sandstone-dominated areas, such as Lokuwa and Gerei, exhibit high 
erosion susceptibility, while granite-rich areas, including Kpasim and Gella, demonstrate greater soil stability. Relief 
factors, particularly slope gradients exceeding 15°, significantly influence soil erosion rates, with Wuro Gude and 
Muchalla identified as highly vulnerable locations. Precipitation intensity, exceeding 1200 mm annually, exacerbates 
erosion, particularly in Kudzum and Muva. Regression analysis indicates a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.82) 
between soil erosion and sandstone formations, steep slopes, and high precipitation levels. The study underscores the 
need for targeted soil conservation strategies, including terracing, afforestation, and controlled grazing, to mitigate 
erosion risks. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers, environmental agencies, and local farmers in 
developing sustainable land management strategies that align with the region’s unique geological and topographical 
characteristics.