HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING AND IDENTIFICATION OF EROSION-PRONE ZONES IN THE UPSTREAM CATCHMENT OF EDE DAM, NIGERIA USING SWAT

Authors

  • Kehinde Raheef Adebayo Kwara State University Malete, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Azeez A. Adebayo Kwara State University Malete, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Olalekan Isaac Kolawole Kwara State University Malete, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Kamil Kayode Katibi Kwara State University Malete, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Nurudeen Alajagusi Sakariyah Kwara State University Malete, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Ademola Lawrence Olaoluwa Federal University of Agriculture, College of Engineering. Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria Author

Keywords:

erosion, hydrological modelling, sediment yield, surface runoff, SWAT

Abstract

This study evaluates hydrological processes and identifies erosion-prone zones in the upstream catchment of Ede Dam, Osun State, Nigeria, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Spatial datasets, including Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use, and soil maps, were integrated with long-term climatic data (1991–2021) obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The watershed was delineated into 21 sub-basins and 36 Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs). Model calibration and validation showed satisfactory performance with coefficient of determination (R²) values of 0.70 for sediment yield and surface runoff, and 0.65 for streamflow. Peak streamflow (191.26 m³/s) and sediment yield (21.46 t/ha) were recorded in 2003 and 2006, respectively, while minimum values occurred in 2008. Sub-basins 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, and 15 were identified as erosion hotspots. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of 
SWAT integrated with geospatial data for hydrological modelling and sustainable watershed management.

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Published

2026-06-30

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): UNIZIK Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering: ISSN 3141-2912

Section

Articles