West African Journal on Sustainable Development
The West African Journal of Sustainable Development (WAJSD) is indexed in Google Scholar, and it is a peer-reviewed open-access Journal published by the Nnamdi Azikiwe University's Centre of Sustainable Development (CSD), with headquarters in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. WAJSD which aspires to be indexed in Scopus in the coming year publishes original and full-length, double-blind reviewed articles that showcase novelty in both theoretical and empirical aspects of Sustainable Development focusing on People, Planet, and Peace towards advancing societal well-being and health, economic prosperity and environmental sustainability and justice.
Center for Sustainable Development, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Election Administration in Nigeria: A Focus on the Challenges of the Anambra 2021 Gubernatorial Elections
The administration of elections in Nigeria has long been plagued by numerous challenges, with recurring issues surfacing in each electoral cycle. The Anambra 2021 gubernatorial election, which saw Professor Charles Chukwuma Soludo of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) emerge as the winner, was not exempt from such challenges. Against a backdrop of heightened security threats in Anambra State and the Southeast geopolitical zone, including the emergence of "unknown gunmen" and the declaration of sit-at-home protests by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), the election faced significant hurdles. This paper examined the effect of these challenges on the Independent National Electoral Commission's (INEC) administration of the election. Utilising a case study qualitative research design, data for the study were collected from documentary sources. The findings revealed the profound effect of insecurity on voter turnout and election logistics. IPOB's agitation for Biafra sovereignty and the violent activities of unknown gunmen created a hostile environment, resulting in historically low voter turnout and logistical delays in the distribution of election materials and staffing. Moreover, pervasive vote-buying practices undermined the integrity of the electoral process, necessitating stronger enforcement mechanisms and public awareness campaigns. Based on these findings, the study recommended collaborative efforts between the government and stakeholders to address the root causes of insecurity, enhanced security measures for election workers, and stricter enforcement of electoral laws to curb vote buying. Further studies are suggested to delve deeper into specific aspects of electoral administration and integrity in Anambra State's 2021 gubernatorial election.
Copyright (c) 2024 A. A. Omolola, N. C. Abah, K. K. Osayi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preferred Drinking Water Sources and Waterborne Infections Among Households in a Rural Community in Anambra State, South East, Nigeria
Background: The global demand for freshwater is increasing at an alarming rate, outpacing population growth. Access to safe water is a critical sustainable development issue, with 2.1 billion people worldwide and over half of the population in developing countries lacking a "safely managed" water supply. This study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality of preferred drinking water sources and its association with waterborne infections (WBIs) among households in Ebenebe, a rural community in Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey and laboratory analysis were conducted among 504 households. Data on preferred drinking water sources, determinants, and symptoms of WBIs were collected using a questionnaire. Water and faecal samples were collected from randomly selected household members for laboratory analysis. Results: The findings revealed that borehole water (74%) was the most commonly accessed and preferred drinking water source. Borehole water samples contained 74.3% of all isolated bacteria, while spring and lake samples had the least (2.9%). Escherichia coli (295, 19%) was the most frequently detected bacterium, with no parasites seen. Faecal analysis showed that 427 respondents (85%) had WBIs, with those aged 15-64 years (332, 77.8%) and females (253, 59.3%) being the most affected. Helminthes were the most frequently detected parasite (203, 93%), and hookworm (81, 37%) was the most common parasite ova seen. Overall, E. coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism. However, the association between preferred drinking water sources and WBIs was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The preferred drinking water of households in Ebenebe contained pathogenic organisms capable of causing WBIs and diseases. Therefore, health education on user-friendly, point-of-use filtration and disinfection methods is recommended to improve the water quality and reduce the risk of WBIs and diseases.
Copyright (c) 2024 C. Alutu, N. Ezeama, P. Adogu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Waste Management for Clean and Safe Environments
Sustainable waste management aims to keep materials in use for as long as possible and minimize the amount of solid waste that is disposed of in landfill or through incineration. Sustainable waste management relies on the waste management hierarchy, a system that focuses on avoidance, reduction, reuse, recycling, energy recovery, and finally, treatment or disposal. Here, we look at how the waste management hierarchy is central to sustainable waste management. It involves several strategies which include avoiding and reducing the amount of waste generated by maximizing efficiency and reducing consumption, Purchasing products that can be reused or repaired, as well as education around how to reuse waste products, Recycling of materials and avoiding the need to extract virgin resources as well as negating some of the negative impacts of simply disposing of waste, Energy recovery, which is the conversion of waste into usable heat, electricity, or fuel such as biogas, Treatment or disposal means landfills or incineration without energy recovery. Simple ways to start implementing sustainable waste management in homes and businesses would include scraping or replacing single-use items with reusable ones, switching as much paperwork as possible to digital versions, offering a trash alternative by providing recycling and compost bins alongside regular trash and having services to properly manage this waste. A business can also donate any materials that would otherwise go to waste to improve sustainability. Waste management can be sustainable in both businesses and homes if the right framework is implemented. But more importantly, the consequences, if waste is left unchecked, are too great not to consider.
Copyright (c) 2024 C. Obudulu, M. I. Ikeh, N. C. Okafor, N. P. Udeh, O. A. Okeke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Forest Management Practices to Combat Deforestation
Deforestation has a devastating impact on the environment and society. When forests are cleared for agriculture, logging or development, it leads to a loss of habitat for wildlife and disrupts the ecosystem. Forests are essential in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. Sustainable forest management must keep a balance between the three main pillars: ecological, economic and socio-cultural. The goal of sustainable forestry is to allow for a balance to be found between making use of trees while maintaining natural patterns of disturbance and regeneration. We review several techniques for managing a forest sustainably. These strategies include: Adopting sustainable forestry practices that prioritise the long-term health and productivity of forest ecosystems. This includes selectively harvesting trees, replanting and restoring degraded areas, and ensuring sufficient wildlife habitat is preserved. Reducing or eliminating clearcut logging, a method that involves removing entire forests in one go, leads to significant ecosystem disruption. Alternative approaches include selective logging, where only mature trees are harvested, or shelterwood logging, where younger trees remain in place to provide habitat for wildlife and promote forest regeneration. Protecting primary and intact forests, as these ecosystems have remained largely undisturbed by human activities. These areas are essential for maintaining biodiversity and storing carbon, making them vital to the fight against climate change and biodiversity loss. Implementing stricter deforestation regulations, including setting limits on how much forest can be harvested, the methods used, and ensuring that companies compensate for any damage caused. Governments can also provide incentives to companies that prioritise sustainable forestry practices and levy fines and penalties for breaches of deforestation regulations. Encouraging the use of recycled and alternative materials can also reduce the demand for newly harvested timber and promote responsible forestry management. This includes using recycled paper products, alternative building materials such as bamboo or recycled plastic, and supporting the development of sustainable production methods.
Copyright (c) 2024 C. Obudulu , O. A. Okeke, M. I. Ikeh, N. P. Udeh, N. C. Okafor, C. S. Olisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategies for Transforming Urban Environments into Wildlife Eco-friendly Areas
Urbanization is rapidly expanding across the globe, leading to increasing threats to wildlife in and around cities. As urbanization continues to expand, it is crucial to find ways to create cities that are not only livable for humans but also supportive of animal and wildlife populations. By incorporating thoughtful design, conservation efforts, and community engagement, cities can become havens for biodiversity, promoting coexistence and enhancing the overall well-being of both humans and animals. We review several strategies to transform cities into animal and wildlife-friendly environments. These include Encourage the use of native plants in urban landscaping, Protecting existing green spaces like parks and gardens, Design and implement wildlife corridors that connect different natural areas within the city, Implement bird-friendly building standards to reduce hicollisions with glass windows, Design infrastructure with animal-friendly features in mind. Educate residents about the importance of wildlife Conservation and the role they can play in creating animal-friendly cities. Collaborate with various stakeholders, such as local governments, businesses, NGOs, and community groups, to develop and implement animal and wildlife-friendly policies, Develop and enforce responsible waste management practices to reduce the attraction of wildlife to urban areas, Promote community gardens and allotments to provide additional green spaces and food sources for wildlife and work with local Conservation organizations to establish wildlife conservation programs such as habitat restoration projects.
Copyright (c) 2024 C. Obudulu, M. I. Ikeh, O. A. Okeke, N. P. Udeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Impact Assessment a Key to Sustainable Development
Environmental protection is the primary concern of the future of humanity. It defines how to protect ecosystems, air quality, integrity, and sustainability of our resources and focuses on the elements that place stress on the environment. environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a pivotal tool for sustainable development. EIA helps identify impacts, engage stakeholders, and modify proposals to protect ecosystems. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a vital process that offers a range of advantages, contributing to responsible and sustainable development. EIA is a forward-looking tool that systematically assesses proposed projects and developments. By doing so, it identifies potential environmental impacts before they occur. EIA is aligned with the principles of sustainable development . It ensures that projects are not just economically viable but also environmentally and socially responsible. EIA is instrumental in safeguarding our planet’s natural resources and ecosystems. By evaluating the potential impacts of development projects, EIA can identify areas of high ecological importance. EIA is a transparent process that encourages stakeholder and public engagement . By involving various parties, from local communities to environmental organizations, EIA ensures that diverse perspectives are considered.
Copyright (c) 2024 C. Obudulu, M. I. Ikeh, O.A. Okeke, N. P. Udeh, N. C. Okafor, E. I. Azaka, C. S. Olisa, U. Aghalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psycho-Social Measures for Cultivating Positive Mental Health in Individuals for Sustainable Communities in Anambra State
Good mental health promotes interpersonal relationship, civic engagements and responsibility as well as socio-economic development and therefore is paramount to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in any nation, state or community. Unfortunately, the mental health of some residents in Anambra state has been attacked in recent times as a result of unprecedented challenges ranging from insecurity, heightened inflation, overwhelming poverty, hunger, untold hardship and unemployment among others. The challenges which seem enormous exert pressure, stress, anxiety and depression on some individuals. It also triggers extreme behavioural acts such as suicidal ideation and suicide on the below average individuals’ thus erupting poor mental health. Poor mental health breeds dysfunctional and chaotic communities. Poor mental health hinders adaptation, adjustment and collaboration which are crucial for societal growth and development. This paper however tries to suggest psycho-social measures for cultivating positive mental health in individuals for sustainable communities in Anambra state. Among other such psycho-social measures include building of emotional resilience, encouraging positive actions such as self expression, developing coping skills and developing a sense of meaning and purpose in life.
Copyright (c) 2024 N. U. Okeke, A. N. Agu, A. O. Ezeanolue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Group Therapeutic Management of Patients with Drug Misuse in a Psychiatric Facility
The paper focused on the group therapeutic management of patients with drug misuse in a psychiatric ward. At the time of the therapeutic management, there were a total of 30 hospitalized patients in the psychiatric ward of the Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Western Campus Ishaka Uganda. After the inclusion and exclusion check, 3 patients were excluded, and 12 patients were eligible. In Preconsent screening, 10 patients gave informed consent and 9 in post-consent screening. Nine patients were ready to participate in the group sessions. The result showed that only 5 patients completed the 5 sessions of the group therapy in psychoeducational, skill development, cognitive behavioural, support, and interpersonal process groups. The 5 patients who completed the 5 sessions were ready to leave substance abuse and adhere to their plans of action. Group therapy was effective at helping patients to overcome their addiction. The token economy was used as a behaviour modification technique to motivate and reinforce the patients to participate in group therapy. The paper recommended that patients with drug misuse should be encouraged to participate in group therapy through the behaviour reinforcement of token economy because of its efficacy in the rehabilitation of such patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Nexus Between Religion and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Exploring Peace and Well-Being
Religion plays a significant role in shaping socio-cultural dynamics, particularly in countries like Nigeria where diverse religious beliefs coexist. This research article delves into the intricate relationship between religion and sustainable development in Nigeria, with a focus on promoting peace and well-being. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the study examines how religious beliefs, practices, and institutions influence various aspects of sustainable development, including economic growth, social cohesion, environmental stewardship, and human well-being. Drawing upon existing literature, empirical data, and case studies, the article explores both the positive and negative impacts of religion on sustainable development efforts in Nigeria. Furthermore, it investigates strategies for harnessing the potential of religious communities as catalysts for promoting peace, fostering social harmony, and advancing sustainable development goals. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between religion and sustainable development, offering insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking to leverage religious resources for the common good in Nigeria and beyond.
Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Sustainable Development Goals Impediment
Background Intimate partner violence in pregnancy is a hidden global pandemic, an increasing social injustice to women especially in developing countries. It interferes with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 and 5, hindering the achievement of good health and well-being for all; and stagnates attaining gender equity and equality. Aim This study investigated the prevalence and factors contributing to intimate partner violence in pregnancy among antenatal attendees in a tertiary health facility in Anambra state. Methods The study was a facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study with in-depth interviews (IDI) conducted among 400 respondents at the Ante-Natal clinics of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital. Twenty of the victims were purposively selected for in-depth interviews. Results In the study, 61% of the respondents were aged 25 to 34 years and the mean age of respondents was 30.0 years (SD ±5.3). The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy was 27.3%. The prevalence of psychological, controlling behaviours, physical and sexual IPV were 17.0%, 16.0%, 5.3%, and 1.0% respectively. The factors significantly associated with IPV in pregnancy were the educational status of the partner, experiencing IPV before pregnancy, witnessed IPV during childhood or adolescence, and justifying husband to beat spouse if she offends him. In the in-depth interview, All the participants had experienced controlling behaviours especially the 'monitoring your movements'. Poverty and poor business sales were factors associated with IPV in pregnancy. Conclusion The increasing economic hardship may worsen IPV. Creating awareness, screening of pregnant women for IPV, the political will and appropriate interventions will help in reducing the menace of IPV in pregnancy.
Public awareness and quality of products as predictors of customer loyalty among consumers
This study examined public awareness and quality of products as predictors of customer loyalty among consumers in awka metropolis. A total number of two hundred Consumers in Awka metropolis, Anambra state served as participant for the study. The advertising effectiveness measure, quality of products scale (QPS) and customer loyalty scale (CLS), were used to generate data. Three hypotheses were utilized for the study. The first hypothesis stated that public awareness will significantly predict customer loyalty at (β=.238, p<.05). The second hypothesis stated that quality of products will significantly predict customer loyalty at (β=.390, p<.05. The third hypothesis stated Public awareness and quality of products will jointly predict with customer loyalty (F=22.49, Adjusted R2=.245, p<.001). All hypotheses were accepted. Multiple linear regression statistics was used to analyze the data collected. The results also showed that public awareness significantly predicted customer loyalty among consumers in Awka metropolis, quality of products significantly predicted customer loyalty among consumers in Awka metropolis and public awareness and quality of products jointly predicted with customer loyalty among consumers in Awka metropolis. Therefore, based on these results, it was recommended that effective marketing campaigns needs to be developed to increase public awareness about different products. Utilize various channels such as social media, television, radio, and billboards to reach a wider audience and educate them about the features and benefits of different products.
Copyright (c) 2024 S. E. Iloke, T. M. Oguegbe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality of Work Life as a Correlate of Sustainable Employee Performance in Health Institutions in Owerri
Employees normally do better at the workplace when they are touched at the points of their needs. This study investigates Quality of Work Life (QWL) as a correlate of employee performance in health institutions in Owerri. The objectives of the study are to examine the level of correlation between fair compensation and employee commitment; examine the level of correlation between fair compensation and adherence to ethical standards; evaluate the level of correlation between employee participation and employee commitment; and assess the level of correlation between employee participation and adherence to ethical standards. The researchers developed a problem statement that captured the research gaps which called for the study. The study was guided by four research questions and four hypotheses. The research adopts the Ken-C theory of Social Honour for the theoretical framework. It uses various empirical reviews to enrich the work. The study employs the survey research design. A structured questionnaire constitutes the major instrument for data collection. It uses Cronbach Alpha statistic for obtaining 0.84 as the reliability ratio of the survey instrument. The research commits data analysis to descriptive statistics. It employs Spearman Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for testing hypotheses. The study finds that each of the indices of QWL namely fair compensation and employee participation positively and significantly improved the indices of employee performance namely employee commitment and adherence to ethical standards in the health institutions. It was concluded that QWL is a correlate of employee performance in health institutions in Owerri. The paper recommends that the management of health institutions should always offer workers handsome salaries, good wages and fringe benefits for improved employee performance. Workers should be allowed to participate in decision making for sound employee performance outcomes especially employee commitment and improved ethical standards.
Copyright (c) 2024 K. C. Njoku, O. G. Dike, L. E Adioha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green Economy and Job Commitment of Managers and Accountants in Small Scale Enterprises in Owerri
Sustainable economy has always taken its position as the hinge on which national and organizational outcomes rotate. However, many research gaps have been observed in the area of green economy in Nigeria. The objectives of the study therefore, are to examine the relationship between effective waste management and job commitment of Managers and Accountants in small scale enterprises in Owerri; and evaluate the level of correlation between renewable energy and job commitment of Managers and Accountants in small scale enterprises in Owerri. The study is guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. The research employs the survey research design. A structured questionnaire is the major instrument for data collection. The study uses Cronbach Alpha statistic for obtaining 0.79 as the reliability ratio of the survey instrument. The researcher commits data analysis to descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and employs correlation analysis for testing hypotheses. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between effective waste management and job commitment of Managers and Accountants; and there is significant level of correlation between renewable energy and job commitment of Managers and Accountants in small scale enterprises in Owerri. The study concludes that green economy positively and significantly correlates with job commitment of Managers and Accountants in small scale enterprises in Owerri. The study recommends that management of small scale enterprises should always adopt sustainable, healthy and environmentally friendly approaches for waste management so as to enhance the job commitment of their workforce especially the Managers and Accountants. Enterprises should invest heavily on renewable energy as it guarantees uninterrupted power supply thereby enhancing the job outcomes of Managers and Accountants especially their commitment to their jobs.
Fuel Subsidy Removal as a Correlate of Sustainable Organizational Agility in Owerri-Based Health Facilities
The removal of fuel subsidy in Nigeria on May 29, 2023 is one action that challenges organizations to show their adaptability skills to corporate external environmental forces. A lot of research gaps have also been observed in the removal of the fuel subsidy in the country. The objectives of the study therefore, are to examine the relationship between fuel subsidy removal and green innovation (use of solar panels); and evaluate the level of correlation between fuel subsidy removal and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) conversion in Owerri-based health facilities. The research employs the survey research design. The study employs the Economic Theory of Subsidies and Welfare for the theoretical framework. A structured questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. The study uses Cronbach Alpha statistic for obtaining 0.86 as the reliability ratio of the survey instrument. The research commits data analysis to descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and it employs correlation analysis for testing hypotheses. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between fuel subsidy removal and green innovation (use of solar panels); and there is significant level of correlation between fuel subsidy removal and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) conversion in health facilities at Owerri. The study concludes that fuel subsidy removal is a correlate of sustainable organizational agility in Owerri-based health facilities and organizations that desire sustainability and agility embrace divergent thinking always. The study recommends that the management of the various health facilities in Owerri should not see the removal of fuel subsidy as a punishment or anti-economic policy but an opportunity to be innovative with renewable and sustainable energy options. Also, management of health facilities should leverage on the fuel subsidy removal to create energy-based partnerships for seamless growth and stability in medical operations.
Assessment of the Influence of Cooperative Membership on Farm Business Sustainability and Food Security in Anambra State
This study investigated the influence of agricultural cooperative membership on farm business sustainability and food security in Anambra State, Nigeria. Agriculture is the backbone of the Nigerian economy because it produces food, creates jobs, supplies industrial raw materials, exports goods for foreign exchange profits, contributes to GDP, and gives farmers a source of income. Agricultural cooperative by default seeks to do same. As such it is pertinent to assess the influence of agricultural cooperative membership on farm business sustainability and food security. A survey was conducted among 221 cooperative members, revealing that the majority were male (67.7%) with some form of tertiary education (55.7%). Most respondents (73.6%) were directly involved in farming. The analysis found a significant positive impact of cooperative membership on both productivity and food security. Compared to non-members, cooperative members experienced a 1.279 unit increase in productivity and a 0.699 unit increase in food security. Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting cooperative membership, particularly among women and individuals with lower education levels. Additionally, enhanced support for cooperatives, targeted training programs for members, and government initiatives are suggested to further improve productivity and food security. The study also encourages increased investment in research and best practices within agricultural cooperatives.
Diaspora–led Technological Innovations and Digital Transformation in Africa: Investigating the Contributions to Technological Advancements and Digital Transformation in Finance and Telecommunications for Sustainable Development
Amidst the global technological boom, Africa is experiencing a profound digital transfiguration and significant developments in the finance and telecommunications sectors; a transformative shift which can unarguably be said to have been propelled by Africans in the diaspora. This paper unearths the significant contributions made by African diaspora in fostering technological and digital transformation, particularly within the finance and telecommunication sectors. The influence of these diaspora-led innovations are not just reshaping the landscape of Africa’s economic sectors, but also facilitating sustainable development. By employing qualitative methodology, the study draws attention to the diaspora’s significant impact in helping Africa leapfrog technological boundaries. Using the diffusion of innovation theory, this investigation argues that diaspora engagement encourage technological innovation – ultimately promoting sustainability and development. However, despite these impacts; challenges such as limited technological knowledge, regulatory barriers and poor infrastructure persist. Based on the findings, this research recommends developing policies focusing on intensifying diaspora engagement to further enhance technological development, digital transformation, and sustainable development. By demonstrating the practical implications of these contributions, this paper endeavours to underscore the need for harnessed diaspora involvement to optimize future opportunities for digital transformation and sustainable development in Africa. It also underscores the need for drastic measures to address cyber-threats associated with financial and telecommunications industries and digital transformation.
Effect of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) on Infant Feeding Patterns of HIV-Positive Nursing Mothers in Rural Communities of Anambra State, Nigeria
Background: Infant feeding in the context of HIV has been a public health problem, especially in resource poor settings. Despite the ongoing fight against HIV/AIDS at the global, national and local levels, the impact of HIV/AIDS is usually pronounced among certain individuals, many of whom are the women living in the rural areas. This study was done to determine the effect of IEC on the infant feeding patterns of HIV- positive nursing mothers in rural communities of Anambra State, Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 310 HIV-positive nursing mothers from the rural communities in Anambra State, Nigeria using pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires to obtain information from the respondents. The respondents were selected using two- stage sampling technique and were followed up for 3 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and associations between dependent and independent variables were tested using Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test and T-test as appropriate. Level of statistical significance was set at ≤ 5%. Results: At baseline, exclusive breast feeding in the first 6 months was preferred and practiced by 69.4% and 68.7% of the respondents in the intervention and control groups respectively, followed by mixed feeding (22.5% and 16.7% respectively). There was no difference in the preferred infant feeding options of the respondents in both groups. (p = 0.987). At the end of 3 months, majority of the respondents in both groups (72.0% and 73.9% respectively) still preferred and practiced exclusive breastfeeding, followed by mixed feeding (20.7% and 13.4% respectively), with no significant difference achieved (p = 0.103). Conclusion: This study has shown that IEC had no effect on the infant feeding patterns of the HIV-positive mothers in rural communities of Anambra State, Nigeria. Despite the fact that majority of the respondents preferred and practiced exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months post delivery, some respondents preferred and practiced mixed feeding in the first 6 months post delivery; which is a threat to the infants’ HIV free survival in Anambra State . There is a need for regular HIV and infant feeding counseling and education, targeted at HIV positive mothers in the rural settings of Anambra State.
Copyright (c) 2024 U. N. Igwebike, N. S. Achunam, N. Ikechebelu, C. C. Ebulue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Lecturers’ Resilience fnd Well-Being in Higher Education in Nigeria
Background: Lecturers in higher education face significant pressures, often leading to burnout and decreased well-being. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in promoting resilience and well-being in various professions. Purpose: This study investigates the effectiveness of economic and mindfulness-based interventions in enhancing lecturer well-being and resilience within higher education institutions. Method: A sample of 360 lecturers purposively selected from different department participated in a randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received a mindfulness-based training program, while the control group received a waitlist intervention. Surveys measuring well-being and resilience was administered before and after the training program (intervention group) and at corresponding points for the control group. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted using inferential statistics to assess pre-post intervention changes within the intervention group compared to the control group. Qualitative data collected through open-ended surveys or interviews, was analyzed thematically using SPSS 25 to explore participants' experiences with the intervention and its impact. Findings: The findings reveal that lecturers’ who participate in the mindfulness-based training program report improvements in well-being and resilience compared to the control group. In addition, it reveals that economic interventions such as Providing financial support for research projects, offering childcare education subsidies, among others help to reduce financial stress and improves the internal well-being practices of lecturers. Additionally, qualitative data reveal deeper insights into how mindfulness practices contribute to these positive changes. This research has the potential to inform the development of evidence-based strategies to support lecturer well-being and create a more sustainable work environment in higher education. Recommendations: The study recommends that institutions should occasionally organize a mental assessment training for lecturers’ occasionally, while ensuring that the welfare package of the lecturers’ are looked into so as to increase the level of their assertiveness in carrying out their duties.
Copyright (c) 2024 C. B. Amaonye, S. O. Abang, N. Onuorah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Privatization and Service Delivery in the Nigerian Power Sector: An Exposition on EEDC
In the search for solutions to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises, several developing countries including Nigeria have embarked upon extensive privatization programmes within the framework of macroeconomic reform and liberation. Privatization of the power sector in Nigeria was premised on the fact that there were problems with the state owned power enterprises and privatization was part and parcel of a reform agenda to turn around these enterprises so that they can deliver electricity more efficiently and effectively. As revealed in the work, this kind of reasoning is ideologically loaded but cannot be substantiated by the existential reality of Nigeria. This paper hinges on Karl Marx’s theory of dialectical materialism in tandem with the structural functional theory focused on the effects of privatization with reference to the performance of EEDC in their service delivery functions. Using documentary sources of information and descriptive analysis, findings revealed among others that there has been little or no synergy between privatization and improvement in the level of power supply in Awka South Local Government. The nation still lacks the capacity to generate and transmit enough electricity to these distribution companies and the distribution companies in turn due to lack of technical expertise still record a lot of distribution losses. More disturbing is the exorbitant increase in the electrical bills and the continued menace of the arbitrary estimated billing system. The author recommends among others the need for more investors in the industry in order to level the competitive playing field and the recruitment of adequate manpower with the necessary technical knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2024 West African Journal on Sustainable Development
Towards Curbing Incessant Industrial Actions by the Academic Staff Union of Universities to Achieve Quality Education and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Over the years, various unions in the industrial sector have deployed strikes or industrial actions as a tool to compel the ruling class to yield to their demands and implement agreements they willingly endorsed. Though, strikes impacts the public universities perniciously, and detrimental to the actualization of educational goals as enshrined in the sustainable development goals (SDGs); regrettably, Nigerian government appears rather adamant about resolving the issues that necessitate strikes as well as forestall their escalation. This is really the situation the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) has faced over the years, in the hands of Nigerian government; who had vehemently and consistently reneged on its promises with utter bravado. Suffice that the agreements do not only bother on the welfare of workers and students alike but also towards the rapid development of Nigerian education system and stabilization of the economy. Unfortunately, government’s blatant refusal to implement agreements had compelled the union to incessantly embark on strikes, spanning from weeks to months with their attendant effects, such as disruption of academic activities on campuses, suspension of statutory meetings, withholding of workers’ salaries to mention but a few. Consequently, while some students get frustrated, others seemed demoralized by the unwarranted protraction of their year of study, payment of additional fees and levies as well as other avoidable expenditures thereof. The foregoing submissions demystifies strike and its effects on our public universities, and also calls for holistic and proactive approaches to mitigate the situation. Against this backdrop, the paper x-rayed the effects of strikes to advancement of education system vis-a-vis the sustainable socio-economic development of the nation, and as well recommends the way forward.
Influence of Climate Change on Agricultural Production of Farmers Cooperative Members. A Study of Selected Agricultural Cooperative in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria.
This study investigates the influence of climate change on agricultural production among farmers' cooperative members in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The research addresses a significant research gap in understanding the specific impacts of climate change on cooperative farmers' practices and productivity. The objectives of the study were to examine the effects of flooding, drought, and pests and diseases on crop output, profitability, and income of cooperative farmers in the area. Among the active and functional Farmers’ cooperative in the area, 15 cooperative societies were purposively selected having a total membership strength of 2,180. A sample size of 338 respondents were determined using Taro Yamani formula. Through a comprehensive analysis of data collected from selected agricultural cooperatives, the study reveals that climate change poses substantial challenges to cooperative farmers in the study area. Results show significant challenges from climate change. Flooding reduces crop output, drought affects profitability, and pests/diseases diminish income. Recognizing vulnerabilities aids stakeholders in targeted strategies for climate change adaptation. Insights from this study benefit policymakers, agricultural extension services, and cooperative groups, aiding in designing effective adaptation plans. In conclusion, by addressing flooding, drought, and pests/diseases' specific effects, this research enhances cooperative farmers' adaptive capacity, fostering agricultural sustainability in the study area.
Technological Innovation and Job Satisfaction of Managers and Accountants in Owerri
Technology has over the years, become the driver of businesses and business practices around the globe. There are however corporate organizations that are yet to embrace various technological innovations. As such, this study investigated technological innovation and job satisfaction of Managers and Accountants in Owerri. The study concentrated on registered entrepreneurial entities in the Owerri Senatorial Zone, Imo State. The objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between cloud computing and job satisfaction in entrepreneurial entities; and to assess the level of correlation between mobile applications and job satisfaction in the entrepreneurial entities. The researchers developed a problem statement that captured the research gaps which called for the study. The study was guided by two research objectives, two research questions and two hypotheses. The Davis’ Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) was used to handle the theoretical framework. Empirical reviews were used to beef up the study. The researchers employed the survey research design in the research. A five-point Likert Scale structured questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. The validity of the instrument was done by showing the questionnaire to research experts for their corrections and inputs. Cronbach Alpha statistic was used for obtaining 0.87as the reliability ratio of the survey instrument. Data analysis was committed to descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. Correlation analysis was used to test hypotheses. It was found that each of cloud computing and mobile applications positively and significantly improved job satisfaction of Managers and Accountants in entrepreneurial entities in Owerri. It was concluded that technological innovation was a determinant of job satisfaction of Managers and Accountants in Owerri. The study recommended that entrepreneurial entities should always embrace cloud computing and mobile applications so as to always gain job satisfaction and all round corporate viability.
Agro-based entrepreneurship and food security in Nigeria: Panacea for sustainable development
Government age long dependency in oil and gas as its primary source of revenue has unintended negative consequence in Agro based industries and food security in Nigeria. Despite Government neglect to support agro-based entrepreneurship, enterprises in agriculture possess value chains with an intriguing potential to create sustainable economic development for Nigeria. This emphasizes the need for development partners to adopt already existing SME programmes and ideas to meet the needs of farmers in order to add value to their agricultural products, and invest in new interventions targeted at value addition for rural development and increased agricultural productivity for small scale farmers. Hence, the present study explored agro-based entrepreneurship and food security in Nigeria. Agro-based entrepreneurship has encouraged diversification into non-traditional agricultural products and value addition to reduce vulnerability and enhanced food security and poverty reduction. The study examined the development of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria, Identified various agro-based businesses that can thrive in Nigeria, emphasized the role of agro-based entrepreneurship in food security, national economy and sustainable development. Furthermore, the study examined the guiding theory the assumptions of the study and identified challenges that young entrepreneurs face in Nigeria with an insight into the role of Government in ensuring sustainable food security in Nigeria. It is recommended that agro-based entrepreneurs be encouraged to enhance their skills so as to access appropriate information using ICT tools which will provide the necessary information on weather forecast patterns, input prices, projected market prices, government incentives, and agricultural-related policies and programmess. The study further recommended that Government should support rising agro-based entrepreneurs with sponsorships of trainings on agricultural entrepreneurship, innovations and technologies, which are essential in meeting up with the current trends in agro based industries.
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Spatiotemporal estimation of tree cover loss in comparison with land surface temperatures using remote sensing approach in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
Human pressures have a unique impact on the carbon cycle and forest ecosystem resilience The loss of tree cover (TC). The increase in urban areas contributes significantly to the loss of vegetation cover (VC), which accelerates carbon emissions, increasing land surface temperature (LST) and global warming. This study used remote sensing and GIS techniques to estimate the Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) changes by focusing on VC loss and its impact on LST and carbon emissions in Nnamdi Azikiwe University during 2001-2021. The study’s findings confirmed an reduction of VC of about -39% from 2001- 2011 with around 27.2% increase of vegetation cover loss, and corresponding LST rise from 22˚C to 35˚C. The trends were continuous, with a decrease in VC loss by -30% during 2011–2021, contributing 26˚C– 42˚C LST rise in the study area. Results indicate that the massive amount of carbon attracted the sun’s rays due to the TC loss and raising the surface temperature by 20˚C since 2001, which directly contributing to global warming. Thus, to mitigate climate hazards, efforts to slow urbanization to reduce pollution gateways and increase carbon sinks through afforestation will significantly contribute to protecting humanity from global warming.
The possibility of attaining a sustainable future democratic governance in contemporary Nigeria through the instrumentality of social studies education
This paper examined the possibility of attaining a sustainable future democratic governance in Contemporary Nigeria through the instrumentality of social studies education. Social studies education is seen as a problem-solving course of instruction designed to train and produce effective and active citizens who are fully loaded with critical knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to enable them to make effective and informed decisions in society. The development of sustainable future democratic governance is at the heart of social studies education as it tries to assist through its teachings to inculcate core social and cultural values in the learners. The paper extensively looked at the concepts and objectives of social studies education, democracy, and democratic governance, and how it can be used to ensure a hitch-free modern Nigerian society. The paper identified government partisanship as one of the main obstacles to the attainment of effective democratic governance in Nigeria, as well as widespread poverty, corruption, political thuggery, ethnic profiling, compromised security personnel, voter suppression, and intimidation, requiring urgent action to reverse this negative trend. Finally, it was noted that a leader’s character, competence, creativity, commitment, thoughtfulness, transparency, and integrity are only a few examples of the elements that solidify sustainable democracy anchored on effective governance. Therefore, the paper recommended among others that, the senior secondary social studies curriculum, as prepared and approved but not yet implemented, must be completely embraced and implemented right away, as this would extend the intellectual agility of the young students and help them fully comprehend the complexity of democratic governance.
Organizational frustration and psychological wellbeing as predictors of workplace hostility among non-teaching staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Workplace hostility is costly to the wellbeing of employees and detrimental to sustainable development of Nigerian organisations. Consequently, this study examined organizational frustration and psychological wellbeing as predictors of workplace hostility among non-teaching staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. A total number of one hundred and twenty (120) non-teaching staff participated in the study. The participants were drawn from eight units of the administrative arm of the university using simple random sampling technique. The participants were aged between 25 to 50 years, with a mean age of 35.02 and a standard deviation of 6.46. The Workplace Hostility Scale, Organizational Frustration Scale and Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Wellbeing were instruments used to generate data for the study. The study tested three hypotheses. The first hypothesis stated that organizational frustration will significantly and positively predict workplace hostility and was accepted (β = .392, t= -3.580, p<.05). This result showed that organizational frustration was positively related to workplace hostility among workers. Hypothesis two which stated that psychological wellbeing will significantly and positively predict workplace hostility was rejected (β =-.009, t= -.086, P>.05). Hypothesis three which stated that organizational frustration and psychological wellbeing will both significantly predict workplace hostility was also rejected because the interaction between organizational frustration and psychological wellbeing did not positively predict workplace hostility. These findings have important implications for understanding the factors that contribute to hostility among workers and highlights the consequences of hostile behaviors in organizations. Therefore, it is recommended that employers prioritize the wellbeing of their workers and consider seeking psychological interventions to improve their working environment.
Perceived organizational support and entrepreneurial intention as predictors of sustainable organizational effectiveness
The overall productivity and effectiveness of the workplace especially in Nigeria as a developing country, forms an unimaginable bases for sustainable development of any nation. Hence, the study examined the roles of perceived organizational support and entrepreneurial intention as predictors of sustainable organizational effectiveness in the workplace. The researcher used 180 participants drawn from private organisations in Awka, Anambra State and selected using a systematic and convenience sampling technique. The participants consisted of 78 males (43.3%) and 102 females (56.7%) with the age range of 20-60 years, mean age of 40 years and a standard deviation of 0.6. The researcher employed the use of perceived organizational support scale, entrepreneurial intention scale and organizational effectiveness scale in determining the participant’s responses. The study adopted correlational design and multiple linear regression as the study design and statistics. The first hypothesis which stated that perceived organizational support of workers will significantly predict their organizational effectiveness was accepted at B = .360, t = 24.841, p < .05. This shows that perceived organizational support significantly predicted organizational effectiveness which is needed for sustainable development. The second hypothesis which stated that entrepreneurial intention will significantly predict worker’s organizational effectiveness was accepted at B = .184, t = 2.509, p < .05. This shows that entrepreneurial intention significantly predicted organizational effectiveness for sustainable development. Furthermore, it was recommended that organizations should encourage a support system and the initiation of entrepreneurial intention among workers as it makes for the effectiveness needed for sustainable development of any organisation.
Harnessing the economic and developmental potentials of textile industry for sustainable development of South East region of Nigeria
The study looked at Economic and Developmental Potentials of Textile Industry for Sustainable Development of South East Region, the challenges, markets and other variables. The study employed descriptive qualitative method to arrive at the conclusion. The present decline in oil revenue and the debt burden to the Nigerian economy, it has become imperative for regional efforts towards textile industry for development. Historically, Aba and Onitsha have remained the hubs of garments making and marketing in the Southeast attracting patrons from far and wide. The clothing and textile consumption is very high in the region owing to the high fashionable tendencies of many inhabitants of zone, apart from conventional clothing consumptions; there are other special uses of clothing such as security and military uniforms, political rallies, cultural and end of the year carnivals, sporting activities, environmental remediation, building construction etc. Despite the tremendous economic potentials of the sector, the government policies over the years had negated its growth. The paper believes that with the famed entrepreneurial capability of people of Southeastern Nigeria, textile industry will certainly provide a sustainable development in the region in particular and Nigeria in general if properly harnessed.
Strategies for attaining the 4th goal of sustainable development in public secondary schools in Anambra State
The study investigated the strategies used by teachers in attaining the 4th goal of sustainable development in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Sustainable Development Goal 4 is a broad objective that ensures that every child irrespective of creed, gender, and social status gets quality primary and secondary education. The aim of the study was to find out the strategies employed by school teachers to ensure that every student in their schools acquires quality education for lifelong learning. The descriptive research design was used for the study, and the study population comprised 6402 secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and the multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 994 teachers. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and validated by three Education experts. The reliability of the instrument was done using Cronbach alpha which yielded a Coefficient value of 0.85. Mean scores and standard deviation were used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed that teachers rarely use inclusive teaching and guided learning strategies in achieving sustained development goal 4. The study recommended that teachers should be trained and retrained on the act of inclusive teaching and learning for quality education.
Sustainable development of agricultural cooperative among the beneficiaries of Bank of agriculture (boa) loan scheme in Ogun State, Nigeria
This study focused on sustainable development of Agricultural Cooperative among beneficiaries of Bank of Agriculture (BOA) loan scheme in Ogun state, Nigeria. The three zones of the operation were sampled using multistage sampling techniques. Primary and secondary data were utilized for the study and obtained with the use of a well-structured questionnaire from 120 respondents out of which One hundred and nine (109) were returned, and acceptable for data analysis. The results obtained on the socio-economic characteristics of the (BOA) agricultural cooperators revealed that majority of them were male (58.7%), aged less than 50 years (75.2) with an average age of 42.51 years per cooperators, married (75.2%), had moderate household size of 5 (mean) per household, literate with vast majority (98.2%) possessing one form of formal education or other, (71.6%), engaged in farming as main occupation had an average of 5 years of farming experience and (64.2%) practiced Christianity as religion. Analysis of the factors influencing the amount of loan obtained revealed that age, education, farm size, amount repaid, loan experience among others. While household size had negative relationship with loan repayment, education and loan size have positive relationship with it. In terms of constraints to the BOA loan acquisition, high interest rate, bureaucracy and inability to provide a guarantor were adjudged as the major constraints.