Growth and yield response of cassava TME 419 to biochar and inorganic fertilizer applications

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple crop valued for its adaptability and yield potential, yet optimizing its growth requires effective soil fertility management. This study evaluated the influence of biochar, compost, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, and their combinations on the growth and yield of TME 419 cassava, focusing on plant height, stem girth, leaf production, and tuber yield. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test at P < 0.05.  Treatments applied to cassava TME 419 did not significantly influence the growth parameters. However, NPK 15-15-15 application resulted in the tallest cassava plant (124.60 cm), while biochar and compost treatment improved stem girth (1.72 cm), suggesting enhanced soil aeration, moisture retention, and structural support. However, leaf production peaked under NPK treatment (21.00 leaves), reinforcing its critical role in chlorophyll synthesis and canopy development. In terms of tuber yield, cassava treated with biochar and compost treatment recorded the highest yield (22.82 t/ha), indicating significant effects of organic amendments on storage root formation. The moderate yield observed with compost and NPK treatments further confirms their contributions to carbohydrate accumulation and root development in cassava cultivation. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out to know the residual effect of biochar on cassava cultivation and soil health dynamics to enhance productivity while maintaining environmental sustainability.