FROM EARTH TO ORBIT: HOW AFRICAN NATIONS CAN LEVERAGE SPACE LAWS TO COMBAT TERRORISM AND STRENGTHEN SECURITY

Abstract

The persistent threat of terrorism in Africa necessitates the use of advanced tools to strengthen national and regional security. Space-based technologies, particularly satellite reconnaissance and border
surveillance, offer African nations powerful new means to enhance their counter terrorism strategies. However, the lack of comprehensive space law frameworks and regulatory mechanisms in many African countries limits the effective deployment of these technologies. This study examines how African nations can develop effective legal and policy frameworks for space governance to support security objectives and combat terrorism. It adopts a doctrinal research methodology, analyzing international space
treaties, regional agreements, and national space policies from selected African countries. Through this approach, the study assesses how space governance has been integrated into national legal systems and
identifies legislative gaps that hinder security operations. Primary sources such as treaties, national laws, and official policy documents were evaluated, alongside secondary sources including scholarly articles, legal commentaries, and policy papers. A comparative analysis was also conducted, drawing from best practices in jurisdictions with established space security laws. The study highlights the urgent need for harmonized and robust legal structures that support the responsible use of space technology in counter terrorism while ensuring compliance with international obligations. Ultimately, the study aims to offer legal and policy recommendations that enable African countries to strengthen domestic space regulation, enhance security, and promote sustainable space governance. It demonstrates the critical intersection between space law and security policy in Africa’s ongoing fight against terrorism.