UNDERSTANDING THE RULE OF LAW IN NIGERIA: CONCEPTS AND THE JUDICIARY’S ROLE

Abstract

The concept of the rule of law is broadly understood as the respect for and protection of human rights
by the government, its institutions, and officials. This paper explores the intrinsic connection between
the rule of law and human rights, emphasizing that the rule of law serves as a foundational framework
for the promotion, protection, and enforcement of these rights. It ensures governmental accountability,
guards against the arbitrary exercise of power, and facilitates access to justice for victims of abuse. The
study examines the core principles of the rule of law and its practical application within the Nigerian
legal system. Particular focus is given to the role of the judiciary in upholding the rule of law,
maintaining societal order, and safeguarding fundamental rights. Employing the doctrinal method of
legal research, the paper uncovers persistent challenges in the protection of human rights in Nigeria
including the disobedience of court orders and judgments by federal and state actors. The study
concludes by recommending legal and institutional reforms aimed at reinforcing the rule of law in
Nigeria, thereby strengthening democratic governance and the protection of human rights.