Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Determining Suitable Waste-To-Energy Technology for Awka, Anambra State

Abstract

This paper explored use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to select waste-to-energy 
(WTE) technology for Awka, Nigeria necessary for addressing urgent urban solid waste issues. 
Urbanization has intensified waste generation, yet conventional waste management remains 
unsustainable despite government efforts. The study sought to identify suitable waste-to-energy 
(WtE) options through waste characterization, review of current practices, and identification 
of WtE choices. A survey design combining literature review data and primary data from 
questionnaires was used. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics and analytical 
hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. The AHP methodology was used to evaluate the WtE 
technologies and select the most appropriate technology for Awka. The WtE technologies were 
assessed through pairwise comparison of three main criteria and nine subcriteria assessed by 
10 experts. Findings indicate that food waste is the most common waste type in Awka, followed 
by polyethylene/sachet water waste. The AHP-based pairwise comparison revealed that 
landfill gas is the most suitable WtE technology for Awka, followed by anaerobic digestion. 
The study portends the effectiveness of AHP for selecting sustainable waste management 
solutions and for resolving Awka’s waste challenges while promoting urban sustainability. The 
study recommends implementing WtE technology, adopting improved waste management 
methods, enhancing public engagement, and ensuring government support and policy 
enforcement towards circular economy in the State.