Comparative analysis of seepage through dam using different analytical and numerical methods

Abstract

Seepage analysis is the indispensible part of dams structural analysis. The analysis is usually done to prevent excess seepage that leads to sand boil which is the major cause of dam failure. In this research work comparative analysis of seepage through dam is carried out using analytical methods (Schaffernack’s and L-Casagrande’s methods), and numerical methods (Finite element and Finite difference). The finite element method analysis was done using six-node triangular element mesh whereas finite difference analysis was done by dividing the problem in cells and applying spreadsheet iterative calculation. The result obtained shows that the methods have similar hydraulic head patterns. Moreover L-Casagrande’s, Finite element and Finite difference methods support the existence of Seepage face. Analytical and graphical methods are recommended for homogenous, isotropic and unconfined seepage flow while numerical method is recommended for complex situations such as anisotropic and heterogeneous conditions. Possible improvement for future work were also discussed.