Understanding the Temporal Variability of Rainfall Onset and Cessation of Cropping Season over Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria

Authors

  • Kingsley Genesis Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
  • Usman Abdullahi Ibrahim Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
  • Ibrahim Aliyu Department of Crop Production, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
  • Mohammed Ali Musa Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
  • Abdulhamid Nur Alkali Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
  • Mohammed Hussaini Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
  • Mohammed Ngabura Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State

Keywords:

Semi-arid, irrigation, distribution, trends, water management, strategies

Abstract

This study aims to analyze temporal shifts in rainfall onset, cessation, and the length of the growing season (LGS) in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria, between 1980 and 2024. Using a climatic threshold-based method, Sen’s slope estimator, and the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test, the study evaluated changes in the timing and duration of rainfall seasons. The results revealed a delayed rainfall onset (from June toward July) and a significant extension of cessation dates into November, leading to a longer LGS by about one to two months. Monthly rainfall totals exceeded 400 mm in wet years, while extended dry spells characterized others, demonstrating clear interannual variability. These findings indicate a dynamic rainfall regime affecting crop calendars and water use planning. The study underscores the need for flexible, climate-informed irrigation and cropping strategies to optimize productivity under changing climatic conditions.

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Published

2025-12-27

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): UNIZIK Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Section

Articles