Biomass in Nigeria: The Present State, Obstacles, and Potential as Alternative Fuel Energy

Abstract

This study presents a structured review of biomass energy in Nigeria, focusing on its current status, technological pathways, challenges, and future prospects. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature, reports, and databases was conducted to synthesize evidence on present State of biomass energy potentials in Nigeria, analyse technologies of biomass conversion, and obstacles and future prospects. Nigeria generates approximately 144 million tonnes of biomass annually, with an estimated technical energy potential of about 2.33 EJ. Despite this abundance, biomass utilization remains largely traditional and inefficient. The review identifies key barriers, including technological limitations, weak policy implementation, financial constraints, and environmental concerns. The findings further reveal that advanced conversion technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, and anaerobic digestion remain underdeveloped in Nigeria. The paper highlights opportunities for sustainable bioenergy development through improved policy support, investment in modern technologies, and integration into national energy strategies. This review contributes by providing a critical synthesis of existing knowledge and identifying research and policy gaps necessary for advancing biomass energy utilization in Nigeria.