Development of Innovative Waste Plastic-Sand Mixer for Sustainable Paver Blocks Production
Keywords:
Block, Mixer, Paver, Plastic, Production, Sand, WasteAbstract
This research investigated the development innovative of a waste plastic-sand mixer for sustainable paver block production. The Full Factorial Design (FFD) at two factors, two levels with four experimental runs were chosen to obtain the paver blocks with high compressive strength. The low (-1) and high (+1) levels for the plastic waste were set to be 30% weight and 40% weight while that for the sand, were 40% weight and 70% weight. ANOVA was employed for the analysis to know the most significant factor for compressive strength. It was observed that plastic waste was the most significant factor responsible for good compressive strength as shown by the F-statistics. The plastic-sand paver blocks produced were subjected to compression tests in accordance with ASTM C140 specification, SEM - (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and Vickers micro-hardness test. From the FFD, it was observed that the crushing force exerted on the paver blocks increased with an increase in the weight and density of the paver. The maximum compressive strength was seen to be 0.75 N/mm2 for a paver block weight of 0.936 kg. The SEM morphology results showed a bond of a white farinaceous layer which indicates the presence of silica obtained from the sand and the black colour which indicates the plastic waste used. The waste plastic/sand mixer was successfully achieved at a cost of $185 which is far cheaper compared to the foreign-made, whose prices range from $1,200 to $12,000, and the prevailing market cost of concrete paver block ranges from $0.73 – $2.18. The study concludes that plastic-sand paver blocks are candidate materials that could be used as substitutes for concrete pavers
References
Akinleye, M. T., Tijani, M. A., Salami, L. O.1, Joseph, O. P., Salami, M. O. and Ogungbola, O. I. (2022), Mechanical Performance of Interlocking Paving Stone using Dissolved Waste Plastics. FUOYE Journal of Innovation Science and Technology, 2(1) , 66-72.
Al-Mansour, A., Chen, S., Xu, C., Peng, Y., Wang, J., Ruan, S., & Zeng, Q. (2022). Sustainable cement mortar with recycled plastics enabled by the matrix-aggregate compatibility improvement. Construction and Building Materials, 318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125994
Dhoke, A., Shingne, N., Rana, A., Murodiya, P., and Nimje, S. (2020). Reuse of PET waste plastic in paver blocks. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 7(4): 320-332
Gahane S., Gour S., Raut K., Kumari D., Gaidhane S., and Moon S.A. (2022), Plastic Waste Utilization in Paver Block, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, Volume:04/Issue:04/ pp851-857, e-ISSN: 2582-5208.
Kumi-Larbi A., Mohammed L., Tagbor T.A., Tulashie S.K. and Cheeseman C. (2023), Recycling Waste Plastics into Plastic-Bonded Sand Interlocking Blocks for Wall Construction in Developing Countries,Sustainability 2023, 15(24),16602;
Mittal, K., Agrawal, S., Bhadoria, O. P. S. and Mukesh P. (2020). Sustainability and limitation of plastic modified bituminous interlocked paving block: A supervision. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9(8): 699 – 701.
Mohammad S. , Rahul J. , Roshan J. , Falgunee R. S. , and Devannand M. S. (2020) Utilization of Waste Plastic in Manufacturing of Plastic Sand Bricks, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol 5, No.1, 38 – 42, e-ISSN: 2456-3463.
Nnorom O.O., Onuegbu G.C. and Nwanonenyi S.C. (2023), Physico-Mechanical Properties of sand-plastic interlocking paving brick, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite. 37(1): 192-205, DOI:10.1177/08927057231171525
Ohemeng, E., & Yalley, P. (2013). Models for predicting the density and compressive strength of rubberized concrete pavement blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 656–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.080
Romano, G., Rapposelli, A., & Marrucci, L. (2019). Improving waste production and recycling through zero-waste strategy and privatization: An empirical investigation. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.030
Suganthy, P., Chandrasekar, D., & Kumar, S. (2013). Utilization Of Pulverized Plastic in Cement Concrete as fine aggregate. Undefined, 02(06), 1015–1019. https://doi.org/10.15623/IJRET.2013.0206018
