Acetate attenuates lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in male wistar rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, which contribute to lipid peroxidation. Although previous studies have shown a link between lipid peroxidation and diabetes, the potential therapeutic role of acetate remains unclear. This study examined the effects of sodium acetate on lipid peroxidation, glucose homeostasis, and oxidative stress in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.), and rats with blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL after 72 hours were considered diabetic. The groups included control, diabetic untreated, acetate-treated (200 mg/kg, p.o.), metformin-treated (100 mg/kg, p.o.), diabetic + acetate, and diabetic + metformin. Treatments were administered daily for 21 days. Fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers (MDA, FFA, GSH, GPx) were analyzed using standard biochemical assays.

Sodium acetate treatment significantly reduced elevated fasting glucose (≈ 35%), MDA (≈ 40%), and HOMA-IR values compared with diabetic controls (p < 0.05). Also, sodium acetate significantly improved lipid profile and antioxidant enzyme levels (MDA, FFA, GSH and GPx).

These findings suggest that sodium acetate may augment the effects of standard anti-diabetic drugs by attenuating lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.