THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTESTINAL PARASITES AND IMPACT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AMONG DIARRHOEAL - INFECTED HIV PATIENTS VISITING THE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, BENIN-CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Authors

  • OYAKHIRE Fidelis Ohiremen Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-9684
  • ADEJUMO Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • AIYEGBUSI V. O. Department of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • OGIE Enehizena Osaro Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • ENOR Sylvia Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • EGHO Eseoghene Valentine Department of Clinical Chemistry, Edo Specialist Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
  • ABDULKADIR Usman Itakure Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
  • OBI, Harrison Nnamdi Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Keywords:

diarrhea, intestinal parasites, HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Background of the study: Diarrhea is one of the world's worst health problems, especially in immuno compromised persons.

Aim: The study's main goal was to determine the prevalence ofintestinal parasites and the clinical impact of Cryptosporidium parvum  in HIV-positive diarrhea patients at the Specialist Hospital in Benin City, Edo State, South-Central Nigeria.

Materials and methods: Stool concentration and modified Zehl-Neilson staining was used to evaluate 196 stool samples for intestinal  parasites.

Results: A total of 196 HIV/AIDS-related diarrhea patients (116 women and 80 men) were examined for intestinal parasites. The overall parasite prevalence, density, and age prevalence among diarrhea-infected HIV/AIDS patients were 21.35% and 5.0%, respectively, with  Ascaris lumbricodes (5.6%), Cryptosporidium parvum (5.1%), and Entamoeba histolytica (5.1%) being the second most frequent intestinal parasites surveyed. HIV-infected people of all ages had 5.0% Cryptosporidium-related diarrhea. Patients aged 46–55 years had 2.5% of all cases, whereas those aged 6–15 years, 16–25 years, and 56–60 years had 0%. Cryptosporidium was more common in women (4.0%vs.1.0%) than in men. Both groups showed a statistical difference (P 0.05). Regimen 1A had the most cryptosporidium (3.1%). HIV-related diarrhea was more common among patients with CD4 levels below 350 (4.1% vs. 1.0%, respectively) compared with CD4+ > 350 (136 individuals), who made up the bulk of those tested with a statistical difference between groups. HIV patients with only  bloody diarrhea had a 3.1% prevalence of cryptosporidium, compared to 0% in those with bloody diarrhea and mucus or only mucus;  the odd ratio (OR) was 1.06 (95% CI 0.20–85.27) with P> 0.05. Cryptosporidium oocysts have been found in HIV-infected patients' feces at the Specialist Hospital in Benin City, Edo State, suggesting a relation to HIV diarrhea, particularly in the late stages of illness. It causes 5.0% of diarrhea in this population.

Conclusion: Cryptosporidiosis is frequent in HIV-infected diarrhea patients. Thus, HIV and immuno suppressed patients' diarrhea treatments should incorporate this study's findings.

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Published

31-03-2023

How to Cite

OYAKHIRE, F. O., ADEJUMO, B. I. G., AIYEGBUSI, O. V., OGIE, E. O., ENOR, S., EGHO, E. V., ABDULKADIR, U. I., & OBI, H. N. (2023). THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTESTINAL PARASITES AND IMPACT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AMONG DIARRHOEAL - INFECTED HIV PATIENTS VISITING THE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, BENIN-CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA. Journal of Biomedical Investigation, 11(1), 54–63. Retrieved from https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/jbi/article/view/1991

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)

Section

Articles

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